ボディイメージに関する和文献の内容分析―わが国の看護学領域における課題

A Content Analysis Study of Japanese Literature about Body Image and Its Disturbance

　本研究では，ボディイメージに関する256件の和文献についてそれぞれのテーマと4つの属性項目によって分類し，内容分析の手法で構造的に分析を行った．まず，ボディイメージに関する文献は，その論じられ方によって，「総論的論述」群，「ボディイメージの変容」群，「ボディイメージの障害」群，「ボディイメージ特性」群，「根拠不足」群，「概念の混乱」群，「別概念」群の7群に分類された．続いて，各群の構造と分類された文献の属性分布を内容とあわせて検討した結果，ボディイメージ概念に関するわが国の看護学領域における今後の課題として，①不安や悲嘆，セクシュアリティなど，近接概念との関係性の解明，②「ボディイメージの変容」と「障害」の区別の明確化，③「ボディイメージの障害」に関する，身体境界や身体図式に限定されない議論や研究の推進，の3点が指摘された．

　Subjects of this content analysis study were 256 Japanese literature about body image and its disturbance from 1973 to 1997. All subjects were grouped and counted according to theme of each literature and 4 items (publication year/author's belonging /type of literature/disease or situation of subject). All themes of the literature were categorized as 7 categories according to semantic of body image; a) overview of body image and body image disturbance，b) change in body image，c) body image disturbance，d) characteristics of body image，e) lack of defining data for discussing as body image，f) confusion of other concepts close to body image，g) other concepts. After qualitative analyses，the following problems in nursing were suggested. a) The relationship and the difference between body image and other concepts close to body image was very confusing. We must make more strict differential diagnoses to distinguish the problem of body image from other similar psychological issues secondary to disease or injury. b) Also we had conceptual confusion between“change in body image”and“body image disturbance”. Distinction between two concepts is urgent need to have a lively discussion more productively. c) There were many literature about body-boundary and body-schema, but only a few literature about other themes such as body-cathexis, body-depersonalization, body-control and body-esteem. We need to promote more discussions and researches in these area.