パーキンソン病患者がもつ身体像

Body Image of Patients with Parkinson's Disease

要旨

　目的：パーキンソン病患者への看護の新たな示唆を得るために，パーキンソン病患者がもつ身体像を明らかにすることである．

　方法：入院中のパーキンソン病患者6名に看護援助を通してデータ収集を行い質的統合法（KJ法）を用いて対象者ごとの個別分析および全体分析を行った．

　結果：全体分析の結果，パーキンソン病患者のもつ身体像は【対処方法が確立した身体】でありつつも，状態によっては【自分ではどうしようもない身体】であった．また，身体の状態が良いと【良くなるかもと期待をもたせる身体】でありつつ，その一方で【その時々で寿命や死を知覚する身体】である．そして，【試行錯誤を重ね探求し創造する身体】と自分だけでは生活できない【他者とつながりをもちながら生活している身体】の2つの身体像がこれら4つの身体像へ影響していた．

　結論：パーキンソン病患者は，揺れ動く身体像をもち，その揺れ動きには核となる身体像が影響している．身体像形成の核へのアプローチにつながる看護援助の必要性が示唆された．

Abstract

　Aim: This study aimed to clarify the body image of patients with Parkinson's disease(PD).

　Method: Data were collected from 6 PD patients under nursing care in hospital. All data were analyzed using the Qualitative Synthesis Method(KJ method). After analyzing the data individually for each case, analysis as for which each result united all was conducted.

　Results: According to the results of analysis for which each result united all, the following body images were observed: "the body which a coping method established," "the body which is hopeless by myself," "the body which expected to improve," and "the body which perceives life and death by the moment." The results also indicated that PD patients are continuously influenced by body condition, and they keep transitioning between different body images. In addition, they were affected by "the body which continue trial and error" and "the body which has a relation with the others."

　Conclusion: Particular body images of patients with PD are formed by transitioning between various body images. Therefore, nurses caring for patients with PD should understand the mechanism underlying the formation of body images in these patients.