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Anatomy and pathology of the esophagogastric junction Ken-ichi Mukaisho 1 1Education Center for Medicine and Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan Keyword: Barrett’s esophagus , cardiac glands , esophagogastric junction (EGJ) pp.572-578
Published Date 2026/5/25
DOI https://doi.org/10.24479/endo.0000002677
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 In Japan, Barrett’s esophagus is defined by the presence of columnar epithelium extending cranially from the distal end of the palisade vessels (DEPV), regardless of its length or the presence of intestinal metaplasia. This differs from international criteria, which typically require at least 1 cm of columnar-lined mucosa. Recent studies have revealed that the cardiac glands are not only congenital but also expand postnatally due to aging and inflammation. Their distribution is concentrated within 1 cm above and below the DEPV. Defining this specific area as the “gastroesophageal junction zone (GEJZ)” aligns with histological findings and provides a highly valid framework for classifying gastroesophageal junction cancer. Regarding the pathogenesis of Barrett’s esophagus, it is highly probable that columnar-lined mucosa under 1 cm represents a cranial extension of the cardiac-type mucosa. In contrast, lesions of 1 cm or more are presumed to arise from metaplasia of squamous epithelial stem cells. This article discusses the anatomical validity of the GEJZ and the pathology of Barrett’s esophagus, centered on the distribution of cardiac glands.


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電子版ISSN 印刷版ISSN 0915-3217 東京医学社

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