若年妊婦の肯定感を高めるICT活用プログラムの効果—自己肯定感と心理的ストレス反応の年齢比較

The Effectiveness of the Information and Communication Technology Program to Raise the Self-affirmation of Young Women in Pregnancy: Comparison of Age-specific Self-affirmation and Psychological Stress Responses

抄録

【目的】Webサイトⓐ「ティーンズママルーム」にICTを活用し、自己肯定感を高める支援プログラム「漫画で学ぼう！ティーンズママライフ」（以下、ICT活用プログラム）を開発し閲覧前後に、若年妊婦の自己肯定感が高まり不安軽減の結果を得た。自己肯定意識尺度 _ 対他者領域に有意な差が認められなかったことは、年齢による捉え方の違いの影響とも推測した。本研究では、若年妊婦を18歳以下と19歳の2群に分け、ICT活用プログラムの閲覧による心理的ストレス反応と自己肯定感の変化より効果をみることにした。

【方法】施設長の承諾を得た妊婦健康診査時、若年妊婦にICT活用プログラム閲覧を依頼した。閲覧前後に心理ストレス反応、自己肯定意識などを調査した。18歳以下と19歳の2群間の比較はMann-Whitney U test、閲覧前後の比較はWilcoxon signed-rank testで分析した。本研究は、東京女子医科大学倫理審査の承認を得て行った。

【結果】48件の有効回答を得た。両群とも、心理的ストレス反応が高く出ている9点以上の割合が閲覧前に、怒り23％、悲哀25％、不安23％であった。閲覧前から、自己肯定意識尺度 _ 対他者領域（自己閉鎖性・人間不信）について、18歳以下はMedian 12.0、19歳はMedian 5.0（p＝.015）で有意な差が認められた。18歳以下の閲覧前後の心理的ストレス反応尺度 _ 情動反応（悲哀）は閲覧前Median 5.0、閲覧後Median 7.0（p＝.026）で有意な差が認められ、特徴的な結果となった。

【考察】本若年妊婦は閲覧前より心理的ストレス反応が高く、本ICTプログラム閲覧の効果が示唆された。今後は、18歳以下の若年妊婦には本プログラムで悲哀が高まったため、直接的なアプローチも必要である。

【Purpose】We developed a program using information and communication technology called Learning through Manga: Teen Mama Life (hereinafter, “the ICT program”). It aimed to build the self-affirmation of teenage mothers on a visually appealing medium published on the website Teen Mama Room.

Our study validated the hypothesis that the ICT program would raise the self-affirmation and alleviate the anxiety of young mothers. However, no significant changes were observed on the interpersonal self-affirmation subscales, which led us to investigate further on whether it was linked to characteristic perceptions of adolescents.

This study aimed to determine the effects of the ICT program on young mothers by analyzing their psychological stress response and self-affirmation according to their age before and after viewing the ICT program.

【Method】With the approval of the facility's Director, we asked young mothers who visited the hospital for a pregnancy check-up to view the ICT program. We analyzed their psychological stress responses and self-affirmation levels before and after viewing the ICT program. We grouped them into mothers aged 16-18 years and 19 years and analyzed the effects of the ICT program. All scores are presented as medians.

The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the two groups and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare their responses before and after viewing the ICT program. This study was conducted with the approval of the A University Ethical Review Board.

【Results】Forty-eight valid responses were analyzed. The 16-18-year-olds scored 12 and 19-year-olds scored 5 in interpersonal self-affirmation (isolation—distrust of others) before viewing the ICT program, indicating a significant difference between the two age groups at baseline (p = .015).

The psychological stress response [emotional response (sorrow)] increased significantly from 5 before viewing to 7 after viewing the ICT program (p = .026), which was characteristic of the 16-18-year-olds.

【Conclusion】Our results validated the ICT program, demonstrating its general efficacy in alleviating anxiety and boosting self-affirmation. Interpersonal emotional characteristics of 16-18-year-old young mothers included a stronger tendency of isolation and distrust of others, but this tendency disappeared when their results were combined with those of the 19-year-old group.