若年妊婦の自己肯定感に作用するICT活用プログラムの前後比較

Before-and-After Study on the Effectiveness of Information and Communication Technology Program to Raise the Self-Affirmation of Young Women in Pregnancy

抄録

【目的】2019年に情報通信技術（ICT）を活用し、若年妊婦の自己肯定感を高める漫画による支援プログラム（以下、ICT活用プログラム）を開発した。本研究目的は、若年妊婦のICT活用プログラム前後の不安と自己肯定感を比較することである。本ICT活用プログラム閲覧後に不安が軽減し、自己肯定感が高くなるという結果が得られた場合、若年妊婦に普及させ、母児の健やかな健康を維持増進させる意義がある。

【方法】施設長の承諾を得た若年母の妊婦健康診査時、ICT活用プログラム閲覧前後の心理的ストレス反応、自己肯定感意識等を質問紙調査し、Wilcoxon signed-rank testで分析した。本研究は、東京女子医科大学倫理審査の承認を得た。

【結果】有効回答は48件、回収率29.4％であった。閲覧上位３コンテンツは、「母乳と栄養」75％、「産後の心とからだ」73％と「赤ちゃんの成長と発育」63％など役立ちがみられた。仮説の通りICT活用プログラム閲覧により、心理的ストレス反応尺度 _ 情動反応（不安）は閲覧前Median 5.0、閲覧後Median 5.0（p＝.024）で有意な差が認められた。自己肯定意識尺度 _ 対自己領域（自己受容）は閲覧前Median 8.0、閲覧後Median 9.0（p＝.027）、自己肯定意識尺度 _ 対自己領域（自己実現的態度）は、閲覧前Median 12.0、閲覧後Median 16.0（p＝.003）と有意な差が認められた。一方、自己肯定意識尺度 _ 対他者領域に有意な差は認められなかった。

【結論】本研究より、若年妊婦にとって漫画による本ICT活用プログラム閲覧後に、不安は軽減し、対自己領域の自己肯定感を高める結果が得られた。

【Purpose】Teenage mothers who tend to have low self-affirmation. In 2019, we began developing an ICT program through Manga (hereinafter, “the ICT program”) to build the self-affirmation of teenage mothers. This study aimed to validate our hypothesis that young mothers can reduce their anxiety and increase their self-affirmation by viewing the ICT program.

【Method】With the approval of the institution's Director, we asked young mothers who were visiting an obstetrician for a check-up to fill in a questionnaire before and after viewing the ICT program. The questionnaire gauged the stress response and self-affirmation of the participants. The results were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. This study was conducted with the approval of the A University Ethical Review Board.

【Results】There were 48 valid responses. The three most viewed topics were “breast milk and nutrition” (75%), “postpartum mind and body” (73%), and “baby's growth and development” (63%), suggesting that young mothers were utilizing the ICT program to prepare themselves for delivery. All scores are presented in medians. Consistent with our hypothesis, after viewing the ICT program, the participants' scores for the psychological stress response [emotional response (anxiety)] decreased significantly from 5 to 5 (p = .024) ; the self-affirmation score [intrapersonal aspect (self-acceptance）] increased significantly from 8 to 9 (p = .027), and intrapersonal aspect (self-realization) also increased significantly from 12 to 16 (p = .003). Conversely, no significant difference was observed in the interpersonal self-affirmation subscales.

【Conclusion】This study validated our hypothesis that the self-affirmation of young mothers is raised and anxiety is alleviated on viewing the ICT program. The lack of significant differences in responses to the interpersonal subscales suggests that the age of the respondents influenced their views.