乳児期の子どもの気質的育てにくさと母親が辿る育児プロセス—複線径路・等至性モデル（TEM）による分析

Temperamental Characteristics of Infants and the Child-Rearing Process of Mothers: Analysis of Cases Using the Trajectory Equifinality Model(TEM)

要旨

　目的：母親が育てにくさを感じる乳児期の子どもの気質的特徴を明らかにするとともに，気質的育てにくさを有する子どもが1歳に至るまでの母親が辿る育児プロセスと影響要因を明らかにする．

　方法：30〜40代の母親7名にオンラインインタビューを行った．分析手法は複線径路・等至性モデル（TEM）を用いた．

　結果：母親は子どもの「激しい泣き」や「寝ない」といった気質的特徴に育てにくさを感じていた．母親は，①気付き・困惑，②葛藤，③試行錯誤，④受容の4つの時期を経て，子どもの気質的育てにくさに適応していくプロセスを辿っていた．プロセスに影響を与えた要因は，専門職の関わり，夫や家族の共感・サポートなどが示された．

　結論：母親に対して「葛藤」の時期のサポートが重要であり，サポートがなければ不適切な養育に繋がる可能性も示唆された．母親に対する夫のサポートと，母親の疑問や不安に対して専門職の寄り添う姿勢が必要である．

　Purpose: This study aims to identify the temperamental characteristics of infants of mothers with difficulties in raising children, and also to determine the child-rearing process experienced by the mothers and the factors affecting the process.

　Methods: Web-based interviews were conducted with seven mothers in their 30s and 40s. The interview data were analyzed using Trajectory Equifinality Model(TEM).

　Results: The mothers felt difficulties in raising their infants due to the temperamental characteristics of the infants, such as persistence of crying and difficulty of sleeping. These mothers experienced a process to adapt to the temperamental characteristics of the infants through the following four periods: (1)awareness and confusion, (2)conflict, (3)trial and error, and (4)acceptance. The factors that affected the process included the involvement of professionals, and the sympathy and support of the husband and family.

　Conclusion: The findings suggest that providing support for mothers in the 'conflict' period is important, and that an absence of support to mothers may lead to inadequate attention to the childcare. Specifically, it is important for the husband and professionals to provide attentive support by considering the concerns and questions of mothers.