看護専門学校における災害看護の授業実態と教員の災害看護教育への考え方—看護教員を対象としたアンケート調査から

Current status of and instructors' thoughts on disaster nursing education in nursing schools: A questionnaire survey of nursing school instructors

要約

目的：災害看護の授業実態と看護専門学校の教員の災害看護教育への考え方を明らかにする。

方法：対象は研究承諾の得られた看護専門学校45校の看護教員150名である。自記式調査表の郵送法を実施した。内容は、災害看護の授業実態は11項目、災害看護教育への考え方は９項目である。期間は2011年３月〜４月である。分析方法は、選択回答は単純集計し、自由記載は内容ごとに分類をした。

結果：有効回収率74％。災害看護の授業担当は看護教員のみの学校が少なく、非常勤講師の担当が多くを占めた。授業担当の教員は、災害看護の授業は難しいと考えており、理由は「経験不足」「演習が難しい」である。授業担当の教員は、被災者の生活を理解する体験的な演習は、「時間不足」や「経験不足」が理由で難しいと考えていた。

結論：災害看護の授業は非常勤講師に委ねられており、看護教員が被災経験や災害看護の経験を活かして講義と演習を展開することが困難な状況である。災害看護の演習の強化には、授業時間数の工夫や教員の知識不足を補う必要性が示唆された。

Purpose: The aim of this study was to elucidate the current status of and instructors' thoughts on disaster nursing education in nursing schools.

Methods: The study involved a survey of 150 consenting instructors at 45 nursing schools based on a self-reporting postal questionnaire sent and completed in March and April 2011. The questionnaire consisted of 11 items regarding the current status of disaster nursing classes and 9 items regarding instructors' thoughts on disaster nursing education. Selected answers were simply summed and classified by the content of open-ended descriptions.

Results: The effective response rate was 74%. The number of schools in which full-time nursing instructors taught classes on disaster nursing was small. Part-time instructors were in charge of classes at many schools. Disaster nursing instructors indicated difficulties in teaching due to a lack of experience and the difficulty of the exercises involved. It was reported that experimental exercises designed to promote understanding of victims' lives were difficult to perform due to a lack of time and a lack of experience.

Conclusion: Many nursing schools entrusted disaster nursing classes to part-time instructors. Nursing instructors found lectures and exercises difficult to complete despite making the best use of their experience in disasters and disaster nursing. To reinforce disaster nursing exercises, the number of lesson hours needs to be increased and instructors' knowledge needs to be improved.