東海地方の病院における災害対策の現状と課題

Current Status and Issues of Disaster Preparedness for Hospitals in the Tokai Region of Japan

要約

　本研究は、今後南海トラフ巨大地震の被害が予想されている東海地方の病院における、災害対策の現状と課題を明らかにすることを目的とした。2013年に、東海４県にある200床以上を有する269病院の看護部防災担当者を対象とした郵送質問紙調査を実施した。

　72.6％の施設で防災・減災教育が、95.2％で災害対策訓練が実施されており、災害拠点病院、救命救急センターの訓練実施率は100％であった。しかし、拠点病院の構造的耐震化率は72.2％で全国調査と比較し若干低かった。小規模病院では、完全に耐震化・免震化された病院はなく、家具固定の実施率90％以上の部門有の施設は18.2％と、中規模病院44.4％、大規模病院46.2％と比較して有意に少なかった。全般に水害の想定はマニュアル19.5％、訓練14.3％と少なかった。

　東海地方の病院では、全般的に災害に関する教育・訓練面の備え、災害拠点病院と救命救急センターの災害対策は充実してきている。災害拠点病院と小規模病院の構造的耐震性の確保、水害対策、ならびに小規模病院での災害対策整備が課題である。

　This study aims to clarify the status and issues of disaster preparedness for hospitals in the Tokai region of Japan, where serious damage from the predicted Nankai Trough Earthquake is expected. We conducted a mail survey of 269 hospitals in the Tokai region of Japan, from April through August 2013. The subjects were nursing managers in charge of disaster prevention at hospitals with more than 200 beds.

　It was found that 72.6% of all responders gave disaster education and that 95.2% of all responders gave disaster training. Disaster base hospitals and emergency medical centers achieved 100% of all those hospitals in training. 72.2% of all disaster base hospitals hold seismic stability of the buildings. No small hospitals had buildings whose seismic stability was ensured.

　The rate of furniture fixation in small hospitals was 18.2%, a significantly low figure compared with those for medium-sized hospitals (44.4%) and large hospitals (46.2%). Flood disaster was less accounted in disaster prepared manual (19.5% of all responded hospitals) and in training (14.3% of all responded hospitals).

　The Tokai region has achieved adequate education and training for disaster preparedness. Disaster base hospitals and emergency medical centers have been preparing for disaster. The seismic retrofit of buildings at disaster base hospitals and small hospitals, preparedness for flood disasters and the improvement of disaster preparedness at small hospitals are important tasks.