がん体験者のQOLに対する自助グループの情緒的サポート効果

The Effect of Self-Help Group Emotional Support on Cancer Survivors' QOL

要旨

　本研究の目的は，がん体験者のQOLに対する自助グループによる情緒的なサポートの効果を明らかにすることである．そこで，Katz（1998）とFerrell（1995）らの概念モデルをもとに，自助グループの情緒的サポート効果測定尺度（Emotional Support of Self-Help Group：ES-SHG）とがん体験者QOL尺度翻訳版（Quality of Life-Cancer Survivor；QOL-CS）を作成した．

　両尺度の信頼性と妥当性を検証した後，自助グループに参加しているがん体験者234名に調査を実施した．146名（回収率62.4％）より回答があり，有効回答は121名であった．

　その結果，自助グループの参加者の多くは治療を終えたがん体験者であり，がん治療の副作用や後遺症による不快感・生活上の困難感，転移や再発に対する恐怖等の悩みを抱えていた．また，自助グループ入会により85％が前向きな変化があったと答え，そのうちの49％は自己の肯定的評価や情緒面の安定を示した．

　自助グループによる情緒的サポートは，因子分析（主因子法プロマックス回転）により「自尊感情・自己受容に対するサポート効果」と「認識変容・自己決定に対するサポート効果」に分類され，特に前者はがん体験者のQOLを高める要因になることが重回帰分析により示唆された．

　The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of emotional support on the QOL of cancer survivors who participated in self-help groups. Based on the conceptual models of Katz(1998)and Ferrell(1995), two instruments, Emotional Support of Self-Help Group(ES-SHG)and Quality of Life-Cancer Survivor translated version(QOL-CS)were developed by the researchers, and were examined the reliabilit yand validity of both instruments.

　A questionnaire, which addressed ES-SHG and QOL-CS, was administered to 234 cancer survivors who participated in self-help groups. One hundred and forty six(62.4 %)survivors responded to the questionnaire. Then, one hundred and twenty one respondents were analyzed in this study.

　The cancer survivors who participated in the self-help groups had completed medical treatments but stil lexperienced some difficultie ssuch as disturbance of daily life, side effect/aftereffect discomfort, and fear or distress about metastasis or recurrence. However, about 85 % of cancer survivors indicated that they had positive changes after participating self-help groups, and about 49 % mentioned that their emotional status and self-evaluation had been improved.

　The self-help group emotional support factors were classified by factor analysis(principal factor method-promax rotation)as "the supportive effects on self-esteem/-acceptance," and "the supportive effects on changing selfrecognition and self-determination." In addition, by multiple regression analysis, "the supportive effects on self-esteem/-acceptance" was shown to be a factor influencing cancer survivors' QOL.