小児看護における看護実践を記述する用語の構造と特徴

Structure and Characteristics of Terminology in Child Nursing Practice

要旨

　学術用語としての看護用語の体系化を目指し，小児看護師が自ら行った実践をどのような用語を用いて表現・記述しているかについて明らかにすることを目的に研究を行った．

　研究方法は，小児看護師28名を対象者とし，調査当日にケアした患者1名に行った看護実践項目を順番に記述してもらい，その後記述された看護実践行為の内容について面接を行った．面接内容を，「行為ラベル」「行為の判断根拠」「行為のねらい」「行為内容」「同時行為ラベル」「同時行為のねらい」「同時行為内容」に分類し，項目の性質および項目間の関係について分析を行った．

　その結果，小児看護師が報告した調査当日の看護実践項目（行為ラベル）は39種類，184件であった．そのうち，82件が同時行為を伴っており，1つの看護実践を記述する用語に複数の看護行為が含まれる傾向がみられた．行為ラベルと行為内容との関係については，およそ4分の1が，行為ラベルが行為内容と一致せず，特に行為内容の一部のみを表現するものが多かった．また，小児看護における看護実践用語の特徴としては，母子関係への支援，子どもの発達支援，家族支援等に関する行為ラベルが全体の21％を占めていた．

Abstract

　The purpose of this study was to systematize nursing terminology in scientific terms, by describing how nurses expressed and described their own practice in child nursing.

　The subjects comprised 28 nurses who work in the hospital pediatric ward. Each nurse was asked to choose a patient of the day, and to describe the items of her nursing activities. She was then asked to report her activities during the workday. The items covered were divided by the researchers into “label of the activity,” “reason for performing the activity,” “aim of the activity,” “actual nursing procedure for the activity,” “label of simultaneous activity,” “aim of simultaneous activity” and “actual procedure for simultaneous activity.” The data gained through this process were analyzed to determine the nature of each of the items and the relationships between them.

　Results were as follows: 1) There were 34 labels of the activity and 184 activity items in child nursing intervention, of which 77 items had accompanying labels of simultaneous activity. 2) In the relationship between “label of the activity” and “actual nursing procedure for the activity,” approximately a quarter of the former did not accord with the latter, most of the labels of activity expressing only a portion of the “actual nursing procedure for the activity.” 3) The labels of activity relating to support of the mother-child relationship, support of child development and family support comprised 21% of the characteristics of total child nursing intervention terms.