高齢者の幸せの構成要素：幸福度・満足度を高める設問に対する自由記述の計量テキスト分析より

Components of Older Adults' Well-being: Quantitative Text Analysis of Open-ended Responses on Increasing the Degree of Well-being

要旨

　目的：本研究の目的は，高齢者が幸福度・満足度を高めるために大切だと認識していることを明らかにすることである．

　方法：協力の得られた2自治体から層化無作為抽出（年齢，性別）した65歳以上の男女1,440名を対象に，無記名自記式質問紙を用いた郵送調査法を実施した．全回答者796名（回収率55.3％）のうち，自由記述に記載のある524名を分析対象とした．幸福度を高めるために大切なことに関する自由記述を，計量テキスト分析を行った．

　結果：形態素解析の結果1,299語が抽出され，抽出語は，出現頻度，共起性，文書内の特徴語から10テーマに分類された．階層化クラスター分析を行った結果，10のテーマは，【健やかに生活を営む】，【人とのかかわりを持つ】，【前向きに考え，活動を楽しむ】の3つのクラスターに分類された．

　結論：生活を営むために必要な収入の確保に加えて，健康や人との交流などに支援を行うことで，高齢者の幸福度・満足度が高まることが示唆された．

　Purpose: The aim of the study is to examine issues recognized by older adults as important for increasing their degree of well-being.

　Methods: A survey was conducted for 1,440 males and females aged 65 years and older who were selected by stratified random sampling (age and gender) from two municipalities that agreed to participate in the study. An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was sent to the subjects by mail. Among the 796 respondents (response rate: 55.3％), questionnaires were analyzed for 524 subjects who responded to open-ended questions. The responses to these questions on issues that are important for increasing well-being were analyzed using quantitative text analysis.

　Results: A morphological analysis resulted in extraction of 1,299 words, which were then classified into 10 themes. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, the 10 themes were classified into three clusters: live a healthy and affluent life, interact with people, and enjoy activities with positive thinking.

　Conclusions: The results indicate that, in addition to ensuring income for making a living, the well-being of older adults can be increased by providing support services for maintaining health and interacting with people.