新型コロナウイルス感染症拡大に伴う幼児を持つ母親の育児感情の実態とその関連要因—生活環境とメンタルヘルスに焦点をあてて

Actual Situations and Factors Related to Feelings about Child Rearing for Mothers with Infants Following the Spread of COVID-19: Focus on Living Environment and Mental Health

要旨

　目的：新型コロナウイルス感染症拡大による母親の生活環境の変化，メンタルヘルス，育児感情の実態を明らかにし，育児感情との関連について検討する．

　方法：2021年3〜4月に，1〜5歳児をもつ母親479名を対象に無記名自記式質問紙調査を実施した．調査内容は，基本属性，生活環境の変化，メンタルヘルス，育児感情とし，育児感情との関連要因には二項ロジスティック回帰分析を用いた．

　結果：213名（有効回答率44.5％）を分析対象者とした．感染症拡大前後で生活環境に変化があった者は，就業状況で34.7％，経済状況で19.2％，保育所の利用状況で50.7％であった．育児感情にはGHQ-12，育児への苦悩，就業状況の変化，手段的サポートの満足度，子どもの数が関連していた．

　結論：母親の生活環境の変化と育児感情との関係が明らかとなり，平常時からのコミュニケーションや新たなサポート源の必要性が示唆された．

　Objective: The purpose of this study was to clarify changes in mothers' living environments, mental health, feelings about child rearing and related factors, due to the spread of COVID-19.

　Methods: From March to April 2021, a self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 479 mothers with children aged 1 to 5 years. The content of the survey included basic attributes, changes in living environment, mental health, and feelings about child rearing. Binomial logistic regression analysis was used for factors related to feelings about child rearing.

　Results: 213 respondents (valid response rate: 44.5%) were included in the analysis. Regarding the living environment before and after the beginning of the spread of COVID-19, changes were observed in 34.7% of the respondents in terms of employment status, 19.2% in terms of economic status, and 50.7% in the use of nursery schools. GHQ-12, distress over childcare, change in employment status, satisfaction with instrumental support, and number of children were related to feelings about child rearing.

　Conclusion: It was clear that Relationship between changes in mothers' living environments and feelings about child rearing, suggesting the need for regular communication and new sources of support for mothers.