初めてプリセプターの役割を担う看護職の認識—任期3ヶ月目と6ヶ月目に焦点をあてて

Perceptions among New Preceptors: Focusing on the Third and Sixth Months of Preceptorship

要旨

　目的：初めてプリセプターを担う看護職は任期3ヶ月目と6ヶ月目にどのような認識をもっているのか明らかにする．

　方法：63名のプリセプターが受講した任期3ヶ月目と6ヶ月目のフォローアップ研修において，「困りごと・悩み・問題に感じていること」「プリセプターの経験において良かったこと」について記載した内容を質的記述的に分析した．

　結果：3ヶ月目には【指導者としての技量不足】【自身の感情制御の難しさ】を感じながらも【指導の楽しさ】【自分の変化】に気がついていた．また，【新人に対する憂慮】の一方で【新人の成長】を感じていた．6ヶ月目には【自分自身と向き合う経験】を肯定的に捉えており，【指導方法の模索】を重ね，やりがいが生まれていた．さらに，【先輩との協働】の難しさとともに【部署の新人教育へのサポート体制】を実感し【先輩への感謝】の念をもっていた．

　結論：プリセプターは自身，新人，部署の先輩に関して相反する認識をもちながら課題を解決し肯定的感情を高め役割を担っていた．

　Purpose: To clarify perceptions among new preceptors in the third and sixth months of preceptorship.

　Methods: Using a qualitative descriptive approach, we analyzed descriptions written by 63 new preceptors about “their experiences in terms of matters, worries, and problems” and “good experiences as a preceptor”. The preceptors wrote their descriptions in the third and sixth months of their follow-up training programs.

　Results: The results of the analysis revealed that in the third month, preceptors felt that they “lacked technique as a mentor” and “had difficulty in controlling their emotions”; however, they also experienced “enjoyment from teaching” and noticed “changes in themselves”, felt “anxiety for the new nurses”, and perceived “growth among the new nurses”. In the sixth month, they regarded the “experience of confronting themselves” affirmatively and found it worthwhile to be a preceptor because it allowed them to “explore new teaching methods”. Moreover, although they experienced difficulty regarding “cooperation with their seniors”, they felt the “supportive system in their sections” and “thankful for their seniors”.

　Conclusion: These findings suggest that the preceptors resolved their problems and experienced increasingly positive emotions while having contradictory perceptions for themselves, new nurses, and their seniors.