心筋梗塞を発症した病者の生きられた身体体験

The Lived Body Experience of Patients with Myocardial Infarction

要旨

　本研究は，心筋梗塞の病者の生きられた身体体験を探究することを目的に，現象学的アプローチを用いた質的帰納的研究を行った．研究対象者は急性心筋梗塞を発症した男性病者5名であった．データ収集は，心筋梗塞を発症した直後から約3ヶ月間のあいだに，公式面接法と非公式面接法によって行った．

　分析の結果，心筋梗塞の病者の生きられた身体体験は，＜身体に注意を向けること＞に特徴づけられた．この＜身体に注意を向けること＞は，病者それぞれの＜内在的な身体体験＞を導いていた．これは，病者の意識のはたらきによって生じ，病者の意識のなかでのみ内在的に感じられるものであった．また，生きられた身体体験には，＜発症時の意識の有無＞，＜情報を自分の知識とすること＞，＜関係世界と関係すること＞が大きく関わっていることが明らかになった．

　本研究の結果より，心筋梗塞の病者の体験の原初的部分とその主観的意味が示された．そして，看護婦が心筋梗塞の病者のとる様々な行動や反応を理解するための示唆を得た．

Abstract

　The Purpose of this study was to explore the lived body experience of the patients with myocardial infarction (MI). The study was an inductive descriptive design and conducted with a phenomenological approach. The subjects of the study were five male patients with acute MI. The qualitative data was collected through formal and informal interviews during the period between the acute stage and three months after the heart attack.

　The finding of this study was that the lived body experience of the subjects with MI was characterized as “listening to his body”, which led to “internal body experience”. This experience was caused by patient' s consciousness and experienced only in his own internal world. The lived body experience was influenced by the factors; “being conscious or unconscious at the acute stage”, “transforming information to understanding”and“being in his relative world”.

　The finding indicated the primitive experiences of patients with MI and their subjective meanings. Its also suggested that nurses can detect the diversity of patient's behavior and responses.