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Ⅰ はじめに
めざましい医学の進歩と老人の増加に伴なって高齢者にも手術適応範囲が拡大されてきた.加齢に伴ない臓器の萎縮や線維化,動脈硬化などの変化1,2)により,予備力の低下した老人にとって手術侵襲は大きく,合併症を起こしやすい状況にある.従って,老人患者の術後合併症を予防するためには老人の特殊性を考慮し離床をすすめることが大切である.
著者らは術後老人患者の離床促進プログラム作成に関する研究を行なうにあたって,離床に関する実態調査3)を行なったが,術後老人患者に対する早期離床の必要性を認めながらも実際の離床日には1日目~11日目(離床日は術後病日で示した)に及び,離床許可の目安も一様でないことが明らかとなった.
そこで本研究では離床促進プログラム試案作成の基礎資料とするために,術後患者の離床に伴なう呼吸,循環,筋力の経時的変化が年齢や離床時期,疾患の良性・悪性別によって影響を受けるかどうか検討した.
Abstract
This study is to be done prior to developping the nursing program which promote postoperative early ambulation safely and effectively for elderly patients, and to examine whether changes of respiration, circulation and muscle strength in the postoperative first ambulation are influenced by ages, postoperative days and benign or malignant diseases.
29 surgical patients with gastro-intestinal diseases aged 40 years old to 80 years old were investigated.
Findings were as followings.
Circulation;
The changes of pulse rates, blood pressure and the pattern of ECG, and the complaints of general fatigue and floating feeling of body were appeared most in patients of seventies and eighties of ages, and of ambulation on from 5th to 7th postoperative day.
Muscle strength;
The longer the period to reach to the ambulation, the lesser the circumference of femoral muscles.
The circumference of femoral muscles of patients with malignant diseases decreased more than that of patients with benign diseases.
Unsteadiness of feet was much complained by the patients above 60 years old, and the patients who ambulated late.
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