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要約
母乳哺育に関するケアの受け手の評価は,ケアの質改善の方向性を示すものである.そこで,母乳ケア過程を看護者の視点から記述した帰納的研究の結果にもとづきケアの受け手の認識を問う質問紙を作成し,それを用いて母乳ケア過程に対するケアの受け手の認識あるいは評価を明らかにすることを本研究の目的とした.
病院および助産所で出産した褥婦を対象とし,入院中の母乳哺育に関するケア終了時(時点1)および出産後1か月(時点2)に郵送法で縦断的質問紙調査を行った.質問紙は,時点1では542名に,時点2では384名に配布し,有効回答数および回収率は時点1で418(77.1%),時点2で336(87.5%)であった.因子分析の結果,受け手により認識された母乳ケア過程には,第1因子「気楽にして優しい後押し」(寄与率20.6%),第2因子「当たり前の心配り」(12.2%),第3因子「手を添えた直接援助」(8.2%)から構成されていた.また,因子負荷量が大きい項目の大部分が「母親の気持ちの支持」というカテゴリーに属しており,ケアの受け手の評価を左右するものとしては気持ちにかかわるケアが重要であることが示された.そこで,ケアの受け手の評価を高めるようにケアの質を改善するためには,助産婦による信頼された技術提供とともに,気持ちにかかわるケアを重視する必要があると考えられる.
Abstract
Breast-feeding mothers' evaluation of their nursing care can help nurse-midwives to improve this care. A questionnaire was constructed to measure the care process from the perception and evaluation of mothers during their breast-feeding. This questionnaire developed from breast-feeding care categories found in a preliminary study in which I observed nurse-midwives' care. First, 542 mothers who had delivered and were still in the hospital or midwifery center and who had begun breast-feeding (Time 1), and then 384 of the same mothers at one month postpartum (Time 2), were asked to complete the questionnaire and return it by mail. The response rate was 418 (77.1%) for Time 1 and 336 (87.5%) for Time 2. Factor analysis yielded three factors from the mothers' perception of their breast-feeding care:(1) relaxation and tender encouragement (20.6% of the variance); (2) suitable attention (12.2%) and (3) direct support or literally, a helping hand (8.2%). Most items with the highest factor loading belonged to the single category: reliving and encouraging the mother. These results indicate the importance of emotional aspects of breast-feeding care. This study shows that if nurse-midwives include an emphasis on the emotional aspects of breast-feeding care and combine that with giving mothers knowledge and technical training in this care, such an approach will greatly improve this care and also enhance the mothers' experiences of that care.
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