看護専門職における自律性と学生指導役割との関連

The Relationship between Professional Autonomy in Nursing and Consciousness as Role Model for Nursing Students

要旨

　本研究の目的は，実習指導の経験を持つ看護婦の学生指導役割に対する意識を明らかにし，看護専門職としての自律性との関連性を検討することである．臨床で働く看護婦283名（准看護婦を除く）を対象に調査を実施した．自律性の測定には，菊池・原田（1996）の看護専門職における自律性測定尺度を用いた．その結果，以下のことが明らかになった．

（1）本研究における看護専門職としての自律性は，“抽象的判断能力”“具体的判断能力”“認知能力”“実践能力”“自立的判断能力”の5つの因子から成り立っていた．

（2）実習指導経験者の学生指導役割意識は，職務経験年数の多さと関連性がみられ，経験年数5年未満と5～9年，10年以上との間で有意差が示された．

（3）“認知能力”は，実習指導経験者の方が未経験者よりも有意に高い傾向を示した（p＜.05）．実習指導者としての“認知能力”“実践能力”の形成には，3～5年の実習指導経験が必要であることが示唆された．

（4）実習指導経験者の“抽象的判断能力”及び“実践能力”は，学生指導役割意識との間で有意な正の相関を示した（γ＝.504と.559，いずれもp＜.001）．

Abstract

　The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between professional autonomy in nursing and consciousness as role models and experience as a practical guide for nursing students. Two hundred and eight-three professional nurses in a public hospital participated in a questionnaire survey conducted by Kikuchi ＆ Harada (1996), which included items related to the scaling of the professional autonomy in nursing and their consciousness as role models as well as their years of experience as a practical guide for nursing students. The main results were as follows:(1) Professional autonomy in nursing was classified into five categories:“concrete judgment”,“abstract judgment”,“cognition”,“performance”and“independent judgment”, as in a previous survey.(2) It was indicated that the years of experience associated with increasing the score of consciousness as role model for nursing students in clinical instructors. Particularly significant mean differences was observed five or less years of experience group and more than five years group.(3) Clinical instructors had significantly higher scores of“cognition”than nurses who had no experience being a clinical instructor. To realize“cognition”and“performance”, three to five years of experience as clinical instructor was necessary.(4)“Concrete judgment”and“performance”in clinical instructors had a significant and positive correlations with their consciousness as role models for nursing students.