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要旨
本研究は,慢性病者のセルフケア能力を査定する質問紙(SCAQ)を改訂することを目的とし,その妥当性と信頼性の検討を行った.SCAQは29項目の質問紙で,1)健康管理法の獲得と継続,2)体調の調整,3)健康管理への関心,そして4)有効な支援の獲得,の4下位尺度からなる.
対象者の年齢は40歳から65歳までの範囲で,糖尿病,心疾患,高血圧といった疾患に罹患している者が多かった.SCAQの構成概念妥当性は,因子分析と既知グループ技法からある程度支持された.また,セルフケア能力を査定する質問紙としてのSCAQの妥当性は,SCAQとExercise of Self-Care Agency Scale(35項目版)との強い相関関係(r=.72, p<.001)から支持された.SCAQの信頼性は,再テスト法を用いた安定性(r=.85, p<.001),内的整合性(Cronbach'sα=.91)から支持された.
改訂により,下位尺度「体調の調整」は,疾病や年齢などの自分の弱い点を考慮し行動する能力となり,慢性病者の特性が強く反映されていた.また,主に意図を査定する下位尺度「動機づけ」がなくなり,意図を査定する質問項目は関連する行動の質問項目を含む下位尺度に統合された.意図と行動は密接に関連することが示唆された.
Abstract
This research was conducted to revise of the Self-Care Agency Questionnaire (SCAQ). The validity and the reliability of the SCAQ were tested for this purpose. The SCAQ consists of the scale of 29-items, which includes four subscales: a) ability to perform self-care operations, b) ability to adjust one's own physical condition based on personal weaknesses, c) ability to concentrate one's attention on self-care, and d) ability to receive valid support.
The age of subjects ranged from 40 to 65 years. Most of those subjects had been suffering from diabetes, cardiac disease, or hypertension. The construct validity of the SCAQ was tested using factor analysis and the known-groups technique. And there was significant relationship between the SCAQ and the Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale 35 items version (r=.72, p<.001). The stability of the SCAQ was tested using test-retest reliability (r=.85, p<.001). Internal consistency was also tested, Cronbach's alpha for the SCAQ was. 91.
The validity and the reliability of the SCAQ were supported. The ability to adjust one's own physical condition based on personal weaknesses of the SCAQ were distinctive features as self-care agency's subscale.
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