治療期にあるがん患者のセルフケア能力

Self-care Abilities in Cancer Patients in the Treatment Phase

要旨

　治療に取り組んでいる多くのがん患者は，心身の安定を得るためにさまざまなセルフケアの継続が求められている．その継続にはセルフケアの基盤となるセルフケア能力の獲得と活用が重要と考える．本研究の目的は，がん治療を受ける際に必要となるセルフケア能力を明らかにすることであった．同意が得られた治療中のがん患者20人にインタビューを実施し，結果の信頼性を高めるため，論理をもとに推論できるKrippendorffの内容分析を行った．がん患者のセルフケア能力は看護師やその他の医療従事者の関与あるいは患者自身が体験から獲得した能力であった．そして【体調の変化をとらえる能力】，【自主的に判断し保健行動を形成する能力】，【がんの存在にとらわれないよう思考を和らげ進む能力】，【人とのつながりを保ち社会生活を調整する能力】，【生き方を見つめ自己の発達を促す能力】の5つの大表題と11の表題より表された．このセルフケア能力はセルフケアを促すための総合的な能力であることが明らかになった．

Abstract

　Various self-care activities are continuously performed by many cancer patients who undergo cancer therapy. To perform self-care activities, it is important that the patients acquire and utilize self. care abilities, which form the basis of the activities. This study aimed to elucidate the self-care abilities essential for cancer patients undergoing cancer therapy. An interview survey was performed for 20 cancer patients undergoing cancer therapy, after obtaining their informed consent. To raise the reliability, content analysis . the epistemology and logic of which were clarified by K. Krippendorff . was performed on the results obtained in the interview survey. Cancer patients were found to acquire self-care abilities from their own experiences or through nurses and other medical professionals. The following 5 major abilities were found to be important: "to detect changes in physical condition", "to independently judge and select health-related behaviors", "to focus toward positive thinking without adhering to the existence of cancer", "to maintain relationships with others and to adjust his/her social life", and "to review his/her lifestyle and to pursue self-development activities". There were 11 minor abilities. These self-care abilities were found to be important for stimulating self-care activities.