糖尿病患者会入会の有無とセルフケア能力および糖尿病コントロールとの関連

The Relationship between Participation in a Self-help Group for Diabetes and Self-care Agency and Management of Diabetes

要旨

　本研究の目的は，糖尿病患者会入会の有無とセルフケア能力，糖尿病コントロールの良否との関連について検討することである．研究参加の同意が得られた1患者会入会群30人と性・年齢を対応させた非入会群60人を対象とし，対象者の特性，セルフケア能力（セルフケア能力質問紙，同病者・医師・看護師からの情報収集），糖尿病のコントロール（HbA₁c，健康度自己評価）について，質問紙及びカルテからデータを収集した．分析の結果，1）セルフケア能力得点では両群に有意差はなく，同病者・医師・看護師からの情報収集では，入会群の方が有意に高かった．2）両群とも60％以上がHbA1c7.0％未満と良好であり，糖尿病コントロールの良否では両群に有意差はみられなかった．

　以上のことから，患者会が同病者・医師・看護師からの情報収集に影響する可能性が示唆された．

Abstract

　Objective: The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between participation in a self-help group for diabetes and self-care agency and management of diabetes.

　Method: A matched-pair, controlled study was conducted, consisting of 90 diabetic patients: 30 diabetic patients participating in a self-help group (self-help group) and two sex-matched and age-matched (±5 years) controls for each patient (control group).

　Subject selection criteria included absence of serious diabetes complications, ability to answer the questionnaires, and informed consent for participation in the study. Subjects were assessed for self-care ability via the self-care agency questionnaire (SCAQ), resource-seeking activity (number of efforts to obtain information from other patients, doctors, and nurses), and diabetes management (HbA1c and self-assessed health). Data were analyzed by using x2 test and t test.

　Results: There was no difference in SCAQ scores (mean scores were above 70%).

　Resource-seeking activities were significantly more frequent for the self-help group than the control group. There was no significant difference in diabetic management. Sixty percent of both the self-help and control groups had good diabetic control, with HbA1c below 7.0%.

　Conclusions: The results suggest that participation in a self-help group has a positive effect on the resource-seeking activity of diabetes patients.