双子の一方に障害児をもつ母親の社会化プロセス

Socialization Process of Mothers with a Disabled Twins

要旨

　本研究は，双子の一方に障害児をもつ母親の社会化プロセスを明らかにすることを目的に，グラウンデッドセオリー法を用いた．

　研究参加者は，双子の一方に障害児をもつ配偶者のいる母親14名である．

　得られた上位カテゴリは，＜双子としての育児の始まり＞，＜双子に障害児と健常児をもつ母親の役割認知と取得＞，＜双子という既成概念への葛藤から解放＞，＜人の役に立つ自分になる＞の4つであった．

　母親の社会化プロセスとしては，障害の告知後＜双子に障害児と健常児をもつ母親の役割認知＞は，障害児をもつ特徴の【障害へのなじみのなさからくる戸惑い】や【障害があっても命は大切】を感じるとともに，双子の特徴である【双子の比較で障害を直視する】ことや，【双子で障害児ゆえの多忙な日常性を思い知る】という両方に共通する経験をしながら【父親との親意識の相違を認識する】プロセスを辿っていた．

　母親は＜双子という既成概念への葛藤＞を，【双子に愛情半分ずつとはうまくいかない】と【双子でよかった】という経験からしていた．【精神的強みを獲得する】，【障害児の後ろ盾となる】という主体性を獲得することによって，＜双子という既成概念からの解放＞され，【双子の発達の開きすぎに双子の意味を喪失する】と【双子でも躾の違いは当然】と思えることが起こると考えられる．

　双子の一方に障害児をもつ母親の社会化プロセスは，双子という既成概念への囚われから解放され，母親自身が＜人の役に立つ自分になる＞という社会的自我を形成するプロセスであると考えられる．

　この研究結果を，地域で生活する親・家族に対する育児支援の時期とタイミングおよび支援の区切りを予測する目安として用いることができる．また長期的視点に立つ家族看護システムの構築が示唆された．

Abstract

　The objective of this study was to clarify the process of socialization of mothers who have twins, one of whom has a disability, and to examine their interactions with their husbands, children, and people around them using the Grounded Theory Approach.

　The subjects were 14mothers with a spouse and twins, one of whom had a disability.

　The mothers with a disabled twin followed the socialization process of(1)beginning of nursing of twins, (2)perception and assumption of the role of a mother with disabled and healthy twins, (3)relief from conflict with the stereotype of twins, and (4)becoming a person who is helpful to others. They first “acquired the stereotype of twins”during the period of pregnancy, felt “bewilderment due to the unfamiliarity with the disability”and “preciousness of life regardless of the disability”characteristically of parents of disabled children,experienced “looking squarely at the disability by comparing the twins”and “being busy with nursing twins one of whom is disabled”characteristically of parents having a disabled twin, and eventually“perceived differences between their own consciousness as a parent and that of their husbands.”

　The mothers established their independent attitude of “developing mental strength” and “assuming the responsibility to support their disabled children”and acquired the role as a mother by “overcoming the temptation to hide the disability”and “understanding the two worlds simultaneously.”From the dilemma of “not being able to love the twins equally”and “feeling that it was fortunate that they were twins,”the mothers also thought that “the twins were not twins in reality because of the wide difference in their development”and that “it was natural to discipline them differently even though they were twins.”

　The results of this study facilitate the determination of the timing of nursing support for mothers with a disabled twin, and suggest the necessity of the establishment or improvement of a family nursing system them.