看護師のQOLと自己効力感が離職願望に及ぼす影響

The Effect of Nurses' Quality of Life（QOL） and Self-Efficacy on Their Intention to Quit

要旨

　目的：看護師を対象にQOLと自己効力感が離職願望にどのような影響を及ぼすのかを明らかにする．

　方法：看護師625名に質問紙票を配布し，全項目に回答した300名を対象とした．質問紙は個人属性，QOL（WHO/QOL-26日本語版），自己効力感（一般性自己効力感尺度：GSES），離職願望尺度で構成した．

　結果：経験年数別の比較では，QOL，GSESにおいて3年以上5年未満が最低値を示し，20年以上が最高値を示した（p＜0.01）．離職願望は，3年以上5年未満が最高値を示し，20年以上が最低値を示した（p＜0.05）．QOL，GSES，離職願望で有意な相関（p＜0.01）を認め，カテゴリカル回帰分析の結果，離職願望に対してQOL（身体領域，社会関係），GSES（行動の積極性，失敗に対する不安，能力の社会的位置づけ），婚姻状況が有意に影響していた．

　結論：経験年数3年以上5年未満の中堅看護師の移行期間への離職願望防止対策構築の必要性が示唆された．

Abstract

　Purpose：To conduct a study of nurses to reveal the effects of quality of life（QOL） and self-efficacy on their intention to quit.

　Method：A questionnaire was distributed to 625 nurses and data from the 300 nurses who responded to all of the questions were included in the study. The questionnaire was comprised of questions about the attributes of the respondents, the Japanese translation of the WHO/QOL-26（as a measure of QOL）, the General Self-Efficacy Scale（GSES；as a measure of self-efficacy）, and the Intention to Quit Scale（as a measure of intention to quit）.

　Results：In a comparison by number of years of experience, nurses with three to five years of experience had the lowest QOL and GSES scores, while nurses with 20 years or more of experience had the highest scores（p＜0.01）. Furthermore, nurses with three to five years of experience had the highest intention to quit scores, while nurses with 20 years or more of experience had the lowest scores（p＜0.05）. Statistically significant correlations were observed between QOL, GSES and intention to quit（p＜0.01）, and the results of the categorical regression analysis indicated that QOL（physical health, social relationships）, GSES（behavioral positiveness, anxiety about failure, social positioning of one's ability）, and marital status significantly affected the intention to quit.

　Conclusion：These results suggest the necessity to establish measures for preventing the intention to quit among mid-ranking nurses with three to five years of experience during their transitional period.