高齢者の摂食嚥下プロセスにおける作業療法の変遷

Evolution of occupational therapy for eating and swallowing of older adults

要旨：本研究は高齢者の自立した食事能力を高めるために，どのような作業療法介入を行っているのかを明らかにすることを目的に，過去30年間の学会誌，関連雑誌の事例報告をレビューし分析を行った．その結果，33編が分析対象となりアブストラクトテーブルを作成した．また介入内容を「認知機能」「運動・感覚機能」「環境因子」「個人因子」の4つのカテゴリーに分類した．その結果「認知機能」が8編，「運動・感覚機能」が18編，「環境因子」が16編，「個人因子」が1編に分類された．2010年以降「運動・感覚機能」「環境因子」への介入は増加傾向であり，食事に介入する専門職としての意識が確立されつつあることが示唆された．

The purpose of this study was to clarify the occupational therapy interventions conducted to enhance the independent eating abilities of older adult individuals. A review and analysis of case reports from academic journals and related publications from the past 30 years were conducted. As a result, 33 articles were selected for analysis, and an abstract table was created. The intervention content was classified into four categories: “cognitive function,” “motor and sensory function,” “environmental factors,” and “personal factors.” The results showed that 8 articles were classified under “cognitive function,” 18 articles under “motor and sensory function,” 16 articles under “environmental factors,” and 1 article under “personal factors.” Since 2010, there has been an increasing trend in interventions targeting “motor and sensory function” and “environmental factors,” suggesting the emerging recognition of professionals intervening in meal-related activities.