COVID-19の流行下における行動制限が地域在住高齢者の主観的健康感の悪化に及ぼす影響

The impact of behavioral restrictions on poor self-rated health among community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic

要旨：COVID-19の流行下における行動制限が地域在住高齢者の主観的健康感の悪化に及ぼす影響を検討するため，神奈川県綾瀬市の高齢者を対象に2019年12月と2020年7月に追跡調査を実施した．330名のうち2時点で健康維持（A群）75.2％，健康悪化（B群）7.3％であり，A群・B群を従属変数としたロジスティック回帰分析では，主観的健康感の健康悪化（B群)に「運動器機能の低下（リスクありを維持／ありへ悪化）」，「うつ傾向（リスクありを維持／ありへ悪化）」が影響し，作業療法士が高齢者の主観的健康感の悪化を予防していくうえで，身体の活動性やメンタルヘルスを維持していくことが手掛かりになると考えられた．

　This study investigates the impact of behavioral restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic on poor self-rated health (SRH) among community-dwelling older adults. The participants were older adults who lived in Ayase City, Kanagawa Prefecture, and the baseline and the follow-up surveys were conducted in December 2019 and July 2020, respectively. We investigated changes in SRH for the healthy group between the baseline survey and the follow-up survey, separating the healthy group of SRH — as recorded in the baseline survey — into two groups. “Group A” and “Group B” consisted of those who maintained healthy SRH practices and those whose SRH practices declined after the follow-up period, respectively. 330 participants who responded to both surveys were included in the analysis, and Group A and Group B had 75.2% and 7.3%, respectively. We conducted a logistic regression analysis to examine the association of changes on independent variables with dependent variables as the changes in SRH practices (Group A and Group B). Logistic regression analysis showed a decline in physical function, and a state of depression influenced Group B's changes in SRH practices. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, Occupational Therapists have to encourage older adults to challenge their mental and physical functionality in daily life in order to prevent a decline in SRH practices.