一人暮らし男性高齢者が人と交流する際の方略と課題に関する質的研究—社会参加プログラムの開発を目的としたニーズの解明

A qualitative study on the strategies and tasks for improving the social interactions of elderly males living alone: Identifying the needs for the development of social participation programs

要旨：本研究の目的は，一人暮らしをしている男性高齢者を対象とした社会参加プログラムを開発するために，人との交流に関する構造を明らかにし，ニーズを解明することである．A地区に在住の65歳以上の一人暮らし男性高齢者10名を対象とし，半構造化面接を行った．逐語録をKJ法にて構造化・図解化・叙述化した．その結果，一人暮らし男性高齢者は，人と【自然な関係の維持】をしたり，【自分のコミュニティ狭小化】を食い止め【つながりの保全】を得ることが課題と思われた．この課題を解決するために，人との交流に関する方略である【支援を受けるハードル】と【暮らし再建の保留】に，潜在的な支援のニーズがあると考えられる．

　This qualitative study focused on how to determine the strategies for improving the social interactions of elderly males living alone and highlighted the significance of developing an effective social participation program. For these purposes, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 elderly males living alone. The collected data were subsequently analyzed according to the affinity diagram. Results revealed that the males had various tasks such as maintaining natural relationships, establishing and maintaining connections, and preventing one's community from becoming too narrow. Subsequently, certain aspects were identified, including resistance to support and opposition to rebuilding their living situations. Moreover, the results indicate the necessity of a program which helps elderly males living alone adjust their strategies for social interactions.