作業療法に適した日常生活活動評価法の探索—作業療法士による評価の実態調査から

Toward apporopriate evaluation methods of activities of daily living for occupational therapy : From the survey of evaluation used by occupational therapists

要旨：この論文の目的は，作業療法士が行っている日常生活活動(ADL)評価の現状を知ることにより，今後のADL評価の方向を探ることである．500名の作業療法(OT)部門責任者に質問紙を郵送し，施設や対象の特徴，評価表，対象や目的による使い分け，評価方法，在宅障害者のためのADL評価，自由意見について調査した．265通の回答があり，全施設でADLに関する評価を行っていたが，OT部門として共通の評価表を使っていたのは44％，対象による使い分けをしていたのは21％，目的による使い分けをしていたのは14％だった．問診や観察により非形式的に評価していることが多かった．個別性や環境を考慮できる柔軟な評価が求められていると思われた．

　The purpose of this paper was to explore the future direction of activities of daily living (ADL) evaluation methods in occupational therapy through investigating how occupational therapists evaluate ADL. Five hundred occupational therapy department directors were sent questionnaires that included questions about the nature of their facilities, ADL evaluation forms that they use, their choice of forms according to specific subjects and purposes of evaluation, methods of evaluation, ADL evaluations for home health care, and their opinions about ADL evaluations. Two hundred-sixty-five occupational therapists responded. Although all respondents evaluated areas related to ADL, 44 % of them used specific forms in their department; 21 % selected the forms according to specific subjects (e.g. RA, CVA, outpatient, etc.) and 14 % selected the forms according to specific purposes of evaluation (e.g. communication purposes, research, etc.). Many respondents tended to evaluate ADL, informally, using interviews and observations, mainly. Flexible evaluation methods, including individual context, would be expected by occupational therapists.