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2023年以前に発表された日本人のランバート・イートン筋無力症候群(LEMS)症例報告で,臨床像等についてシステマティックレビューを行った。特に,LEMS発症から診断までの期間に注目し,「どうすれば診断までの期間を短縮できるか?」というクリニカルクエスチョン(CQ)を検討した。患者プロファイルは,全体の97例中男性76例,女性21例で男女比は3.6:1で男性優位であった。全体の発症年齢の中央値(平均±標準偏差)は62.0(59.3±11.7)歳で,年齢分布では70代にピークがあった。腫瘍合併例(n=84)の発症年齢の中央値(平均±標準偏差)は62.5(60.2±10.8)歳,LEMS診断までの罹病期間の中央値(平均±標準偏差)は3.0(4.9±5.7)カ月で,一方,腫瘍非合併例(n=13)の発症年齢の中央値(平均±標準偏差)は52.0(53.5±15.8)歳,罹病期間の中央値(平均±標準偏差)は6.0(21.1±25.7)カ月であった。上記CQの回答は,神経症状で下肢筋力低下に加えて眼瞼下垂や複視などの眼症状,さらには,口渇などの自律神経症状の組合せがある場合には積極的にLEMSを疑い電気生理検査を検討すべきである。さらには,電気生理検査で診断する前にP/Q型VGCC抗体測定を活用すべき可能性があると考察された。
Abstract
A systematic review was conducted on case reports of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) in Japanese patients published prior to 2023, focusing on clinical features. Particular attention was paid to the interval from LEMS onset to diagnosis, examining the clinical question (CQ): ‘How can the time to diagnosis be shortened?’ Patient profiles showed a male predominance, with 76 males and 21 females among the total 97 cases, yielding a male-to-female ratio of 3.6:1. The median age of onset (mean±standard deviation) across all cases was 62.0 (59.3±11.7) years, with the age distribution peaking in the 70s. For cases with tumour involvement (n=84), the median age at onset (mean±SD) was 62.5 (60.2±10.8) years, and the median duration of illness prior to LEMS diagnosis (mean±SD) was 3.0 (4.9±5.7) months. Conversely, for cases without tumour involvement (n=13), the median age at onset (mean±SD) was 52.0 (53.5±15.8) years, and the median duration of illness (mean±standard deviation) was 6.0 (21.1±25.7) months. Based on the above CQ responses, LEMS should be actively suspected and electrophysiological testing considered when neurological symptoms include lower limb muscle weakness combined with ocular symptoms such as ptosis and diplopia, and further autonomic symptoms such as dry mouth. Furthermore, it was considered that P/Q-type VGCC antibody testing could potentially be utilised prior to diagnosis by electrophysiological testing.
(Received August 12, 2025; Accepted October 3, 2025; Published February 2, 2026)

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