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要旨 目的:ICUに入室した重症患者において,自宅復帰のためには自立歩行獲得が重要な一因であるが,重症COVID-19症例における自立歩行獲得に関する報告は乏しい.本研究の目的は,重症COVID-19における退院時自立歩行獲得症例の特徴について調査することである.
方法:2020年4月から2023年9月に当院救急ICUに入室した重症COVID-19症例26例を対象とし,患者背景,ICU入室中の経過,アウトカム関連事象を自立歩行群と非自立群の2群間で比較検討した.
結果:自立群は非自立群と比較し,入院前Clinical Frailty Scale(2.0[2.0〜2.5]vs. 3.0[2.5〜3.0])が低く,立位開始(7日[6〜9]vs. 13日[11〜17])・歩行開始(10日[8〜11]vs. 20日[13〜50])までの日数が短かった.また,ICU退室時のFunctional Status Score for the ICU(28±5 vs. 12±9)とICU Mobility Scale(8[8〜10]vs. 4[3〜7])が高く,人工呼吸器管理期間(7日[4〜9]vs. 9日[8〜19])とICU在室日数(10日[10〜14]vs. 17日[15〜23])が短かった.さらに,合併症(2例[18.2%]vs. 12例[80.0%])は少なく,自宅復帰率(10例[90.9%]vs. 2例[13.3%])は高かった.
結論:重症COVID-19における退院時自立歩行獲得症例の特徴は,入院前Clinical Frailty Scaleが低く合併症が少なかった.また,人工呼吸器管理期間が短く早期離床が進みICU退室時の基本動作能力および身体活動度が高かった.そして,ICU在室日数が短く自宅復帰率が高かった.非自立群にプレフレイルが多く,合併症が増加し早期離床が遅延した.プレフレイルと自立歩行獲得との因果関係は不明である.
Abstract Objective:Independent walking is crucial for critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients to return home. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients with severe COVID-19 who could walk independently upon discharge.
Methods:This study included 26 patients with severe COVID-19 who were admitted to our ICU between April 2020 and September 2023. Patient background, ICU progress, and outcome-related events were compared between the independent and dependent groups.
Results:Compared to the dependent group, the independent group had a lower pre-admission clinical frailty scale score (2.0 [2.0-2.5] vs. 3.0 [2.5-3.0]) and shorter time to start standing (7 days [6-9] vs. 13 days [11-17]) and walking (10 days [8-11] vs. 20 days [13-50]). Functional status scores in the ICU (28±5. vs. 12±9) and ICU mobility scale (8 [8-10] vs. 4 [3-7]) were higher upon ICU discharge, while the duration of ventilator management (7 [4-9] vs. 9 [8-19] days) and ICU length of stay (10 [10-14] vs. 17 [15-23] days) were shorter. They had fewer complications (2 [18.2%] vs. 12 [80.0%]) and higher return-to-home rates (10 [90.9%] vs. 2 [13.3%]).
Conclusion:Patients with severe COVID-19 who walked independently upon discharge had lower pre-admission frailty, fewer complications, shorter ventilator management duration, early mobilization, higher physical activity upon ICU discharge, shorter ICU stay, and higher return-to-home rates.

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