日本人妊婦における時間感覚，母性課題，そして母性役割行動

Time Perception, Maternal Tasks, and Maternal Role Behavior among Pregnant Japanese Women

　時間感覚，母性課題，母性役割行動間の関係性を，140名の日本人妊婦を対象として，短期縦断的研究法を用いて調査した。研究のために用いた測定用具は，時間感覚尺度，修正された前母性反応尺度，時間生産方法であった。分析の結果，以下のことが明らかとなった。

　1．初覚胎動知覚後には，胎児への愛着と母性役割行動は，有意に上昇した。

　2．初覚胎動知覚後には，胎児への愛着は在胎週数と相反する関係を示した。

　3．初覚胎動知覚後には，未来へのオリエンテーションと満足は増加するものの，有意差は認められなかった。

　4．初覚胎動知覚前後とも，オリエンテーション，胎児への愛着，満足，母性役割行動間に中程度から強い相関を認めた。

　5．初覚胎動知覚後，より未来を指向する妊婦は，時間の流れをより速く感じ，さらに必要なことをするには時間が十分ではないと感じている。

　6．初覚胎動知覚前後とも，未来へのオリエンテーションは，母性役割行動に有意に寄与していた。

　

　以上の結果を基に，以下の必要性が提言された。

　1）女性が母親になる一般的な過程と，その中で時間感覚の果たす役割を明らかにするための研究。

　2）女性が母親になる一般的な過程についての情報の普及

　3）母親になる過程を説明する理論の構築。

　4）時間感覚概念の検証。

　The relationship of time perception, maternal tasks, and maternal role behavior was examined in 140 pregnant Japanese women with a shortterm longitudinal design. A model developed by Rubin provided the conceptual framework for this research. The Time Perception Scale, Time Production Method, and the Prefatory Maternal Response measured the study variables.

　Study results revealed significant differences in duration of time, time production, maternalfetal attachment, and maternal role behavior before and after quickening (fetal movement) ocurred. Medium to strong positive relationships among time orientation, maternal-fetal attachment, gratification, and maternal role behavior were found before and after movement. After quickening, a weak relationship between time orientation and duration was found. After controlling maternal-fetal attachment and gratification in pregnancy and maternal role, orientation in time perception accounted for significant amounts of variance in maternal role behavior before and after fetal movement.

　Results show that the process of becoming a mother, which started before quickening, increased in magnitude after fetal movement. The function of fetal movement is important in developing motherhood. In the process of becoming a mother, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects in becoming a mother are inseparable from each other. Future orientation of time perception contributes to development of maternal role behavior. Having a future orientation during pregnancy may indicate hope or positive expectation.

　Based on these findings, several recommendations were proposed: (a) to study further the general process of becoming a mother and the role of time perception in developing motherhood, (b) to disseminate information to the general public about the process in development of motherhood, (c) to construct theory to explain the process of becoming a mother, and (d) to conduct future research to clarify the construct of time perception and attachment.