地域看護活動におけるグループ形成のための理論・技術

Theories and Skills for Forming Community Groups in Public Health Nursing Activities

　グループワークの理論や技術は，主に社会福祉の分野で発展し多数の報告がある。これらの理論は，どのような対象に，どのような目的・方法でグループワークを行なうかというグループ形成部分に影響する。そこで，本稿においては，これらの「グループワークの理論」，「グループ形成に関わる援助プロセス」について概観する。一方，地域看護活動においては，これらの理論をどのように活用しているのだろうか，また地域看護のグループ形成の考え方や技術においては，これらの理論で説明できない独自性をもっているのだろうか。これらの疑問を解決するために，保健師活動の事例紹介等の文献検討によって，保健師活動としてのグループ形成の特性を分析し，考察する。

　The purpose of this article is to scrutinize and analyze characteristics and skills required when public health nurses try to form community groups based on community needs.

　Two theories regarding forming community groups ; namely group work theory and theory supporting groupforming process are presented here. Both of these have their routes in social welfare field. Research data bases and case studies published during the past 10 years were searched seventeen relevant references regarding the community activities were selected and reviewed. These focus on the activities for forming community groups by the public health nurses.

　A major finding from this research review indicated that the public health nurses play a significant role in forming and organizing community groups. They tend to utilize theories and skills of group work in their practice, which enables them to perform their role more effectively and efficiently in forming the community groups.

　The results include, 1) Public health nurses select appropriate group works by comprehending the community health problems through their daily activities, 2) Public health nurses enhance the needs of group activities and initiate the proceeding for group-forming, and 3) Public health nurses work in corporation with the community members.

　These results suggest that public health nurses utilize concepts and skills of group work to the best of their abilities and commit themselves to contribute towards community benefit for better health of populations.