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予防接種の費用対効果分析について,まずその概説を踏まえたうえで,Hib,HPV,PCV7ワクチンを具体例として検討する.その結果,Hibワクチンは費用対効果に優れていないかもしれない可能性が指摘されるが,これは諸外国での検討結果と大きく異なる.また,HPV,PCV7ワクチンは費用対効果は優れているが,水痘,ムンプスワクチンよりは劣る.したがって,費用対効果分析は医療制度や環境に強く依存しており,直接的に結果を輸入できず,日本での検討の重要性が示唆される.最後に諸外国での予防接種に関する政策意思決定の方式について概観し,日本においても政策意思決定機関として,公平で透明,かつ専門性の高い組織が望まれる.
After an overview of cost-effectiveness analysis of vaccines, we examine the Hib HPV, PCV7 vaccine as an example. Though we concluded that it may not be cost-effective, it differs a great deal from studies in other countries. Moreover, though HPV and PCV7 vaccines show cost-effetiveness, they are more expensive than varicella or Mups vaccine. Therefore, cost-effectiveness analysis heavily depends on the medical system or the acceptance atmosphere, and thus we cannot directly import results from the other countries, so it is important to evaluate our vaccines in Japan. Finally we summarize briefly the policy decision system for vaccines in other countries, and we hope that fair, transparent and highly specialized institutions will make policy decisions concerning vaccines in Japan.
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