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はじめに
Parkinson病(PD)あるいは脳炎後parkinsonism患者の剖検脳では,尾状核,被殻,淡蒼球,海馬,前頭葉皮質,黒質などでserotonin(5 HT)あるいは5HTとその代謝産物である5hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5HIAA)濃度の低下が報告2,31)されている。実験的に,脳内のdopamine(DA)と5HTの代謝はそれぞれ髄液のhomovanillic acid(HVA)と5HIAA濃度に反映されることがわかっている。ところが,PD患者の髄液5HIAA濃度については低下しているとする報告19,30)と正常対照群とほとんど差がないとする報告5,28)があり,一致した結果は得られていない。しかし,興味深いことにPD患者のなかでも抑うつ傾向が強い例で髄液5HIAA濃度が著明に低下しており24),さらに幻覚を伴ったPD患者の髄液5HIAA濃度の低下も認められている27)。PDは,黒質線条体を中心とするDA量の低下,noradrenaline(NA)量の低下,さらには5HT neuronをも含めた,より広範な変性疾患であるとする考えがあり,現在PDと5HT neuronとのかかわりあいが注目されている。
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)は,ヒト・サルでPDと区別がつかない臨床症状を発現させ,病理学的に黒質緻密質の神経細胞の著明な変性・脱落を起こす。最近のサルを用いた研究では,青斑核病変,好酸性封入体の存在も明らかにされている8)。サル以外の実験動物で永続的に行動異常を示すものは少ないが,黒質線条体のDA量は著明に減少しており,PDを研究するうえで非常に重要と思われる。
The effects of MPTP on brain 5HT had been studied, but the results had been controversial. Probably, this is because of difference in animal species, administration dose and frequency, the period of observation or the brain region of measurement.
We used mice and studied the effects of striatal 5HT by neurochemical and immunohistochemical methods. One week after MPTP injections (seven daily injections of 30mg/kg), the 5HT content was lower in MPTP-treated mice than in vehicle-injected controls. However, it was almost identical with that of the controls 4 weeks after MPTP injections. The 5 HIAA content was significantly higher in the MPTP-treated mice than in the controls at both 1 and 4 weeks. The 5 HIAA/ 5 HT ratio at 1 week was greater (+133%) in MPTP-treated mice than in vehicle-injected controls. In order to examine our assumption that MPTP affects functionally 5 HT systems in mouse striatum, pargyline was administered on the day of sacrifice for the measurement of 5 HT synthesis. The 5 HT level was increased after pargyline treatment by 3.07-fold in MPTP-treated mice and by 2. 10-fold in the controls 1 week after the last injection, and by approximately 2-fold in both groups at 4 weeks. The activity of tryptophan hydroxylase increased for at least 4 weeks after seven daily injections of MPTP and returned to the control level after 8 weeks. Morphologically, MPTP did not cause degenerative changes in 5 HT afferent neurons to the striatum.
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