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I.緒言
肺水腫の発生機序は極めて複雑多岐であり,その病態に関して,これまで種々追求,検討されて来たが,発生要因の一つとして中枢性障害が関与することは古くより知られている。即ち,1918年,頭部銃創1時間以内に発生した肺水腫についてのMoutierの報告1)以来,いわゆる中枢性肺水腫に関する臨床的,実験的研究が相次いでなされて来た。教室では数年来,高血圧性脳出血に対する外科的血腫剔除術を施行し,良好な成績を挙げているが2,3,4),反面,手術成績の向上を阻む大きな因子として脳出血発作に附随する高血圧,動脈硬化,高齢等の悪条件の他に中枢性肺水腫の頻発は極めて重要な問題であり,これまで種々発表5,6,7)して来た。このことについて教室の熊谷8)は病理学的検索を加え,高血圧性出血剖検例の大部分に肺合併症,特に肺水腫を認め,その病巣部位を内包,基底核附近に求め,その相関を重視した。実際,脳出血発作急性期に於ける肺水腫の発生は悲惨且つ致命的であり,そのため,外科的治療以前に悪化更に死亡により失なつた貴重な症例は極めて多く,手術適応がほぼ確立された現在,その病態の把握及び対策は目下の急務でなければならない。そこで私は文献上,例をみない教室独自の脳出血犬について,脳出血急性期に於ける肺水腫発生機序ならびに病態に関し,実験的に検討し,更にかかる肺病態下に於ける外科的血腫剔除術の影響についても追求し,いささか知見を得たので報告する。
Pulmonary pathogenesis was investigated on the dog with intracerebral hemorrhage produced with a certain method in order to clarify a relationshipbetween pulmonary edema frequently occurs at the acute stage of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage and the hematoma site which is possibly confined to or about the internal capsule. The following are the conclusions obtained.
1) When a hematoma clot was inserted into the region of the internal capsule of the dog, cardiopulmonary dysfunction was observed as far as cardiopulmonary hemodynamics was concerned and a blood gas analysis and O2 removal rate revealed presence of ventilation disturbance. Histo-logical findings were also demonstrated of pul-monary edema or its preparatory stage.
2) Pulmonary edema was not observed in thecontrol dog with the cerebrospinal fluid pressure of which was raised to a degree of that of the diseased dog. Therefore pulmonary edema was due to the hematoma extending exclusively to the internal capsule, and a rise of CSF pressure played only supplimentary role.
3) When anoxia or hypercapnia was loaded the dog with intracerebral hemorrhage, 02 removal rate became higher as compared with that of the control dog.
4) As for the treatment of pulmonary edema of the diseased dog, hematoma evacuation was more remarkably effective than any other methods.
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