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Two types of receptors for glucocorticoids and their roles in the actions of glucocorticoids in the brain. Yoshifumi WATANABE 1 1Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University pp.501-516
Published Date 1993/6/10
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1431900344
  • Abstract
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In the brain, glucocorticoids bind to two different cytosolic receptors, namely, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), that are members of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. Glucocorticoids produce various long-term effects on neuronal functions as well as neuronal structure via these receptors that regulate the expressoin of genes. Glucocorticoids also have rapid effects on cell membranes, so called non-genomic effects, and there is increasing evidences for membrane receptors for glucocorticoids. The two cytosolic receptors for glucocorticoids differ in their affinity for steroid hormones and their distribution in the brain. MR has a high affinity for both mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoids, and lower affinity for the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX), while GR has a high affinity for DEX and lower affinity for both mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoids. MR is highly concentrated in the hippocampal-septal system, while GR is fairly evenly distributed throughout the brain. Even during basal glucocorticoids secretion, MR is highly activated due to a high affinity for glucocorticoids, whereas GR is activated much less. The hippocampus is sensitive to circulaing levels of glucocorticoids and important in regulation of the diurnal rhythm of glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids also regulate the two receptors differently. Only GR shows an up-regulation after adrenalectomy, while high-doses of glucocorticoids induce both MR and GR down-regulation. The hippocampus is the most sensitive brain region for these effects. Only very prolonged chronic stress however induces the down-regulation of MR or GR in normal conditions.


Copyright © 1993, Igaku-Shoin Ltd. All rights reserved.

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電子版ISSN 1882-1243 印刷版ISSN 0001-8724 医学書院

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