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脳は末梢のエネルギー貯蔵量を感知し,食欲やエネルギー消費を介して体脂肪量を一定に保つ働きを有している。ob/obマウスの病因遺伝子であり,脂肪細胞より分泌されるレプチンは,末梢の体脂肪量を反映し,視床下部に作用し摂食抑制作用とエネルギー消費亢進作用を発揮して,体脂肪量を一定に保つフィードバックループを形成している。レプチンは視床下部のレプチン受容体に結合した後,摂食亢進ホルモン(NPY,Agrp,MCHなど)の発現を抑制し,摂食抑制ホルモン(POMC,CARTなど)の発現を亢進させる。本稿では,レプチン・レプチン受容体系の意義と,視床下部でのレプチンの情報伝達系について概説する。
The brain plays a key role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, balancing food intake and energy expenditure to maintain body adiposity. The cloning and characterization of the leptin, has represented an enormous advance in the knowledge we have at the present time on the control of appetite and the regulation of body weight. Leptin acts via hypothalamic receptors to inhibit feeding and increase thermogenesis. After its binding to leptin receptor in the hypothalamus, leptin stimulates a specific signaling cascade that results in the inhibition of several orexigenic neuropeptides, while stimulating several anorexigenic peptides. The goal of this overview is to highlight the evidence that specific subsets of hypothalamic neurons containing specific signaling molecules participate in this regulatory process, and to put these observations in the context of a biological system that controls body adiposity.
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