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中枢神経に生じる自己免疫性血管炎は,中枢神経に限局する原発性と全身性血管炎に伴う続発性に大別される。原発性のものは発症年齢が50歳程度で,典型例では慢性進行性の頭痛と脳症を主症状とし,髄液検査で無菌性髄膜炎様の異常があるが,臨床症状は多彩で,画像的にも血管狭窄などの種々の異常を認め,確定診断には脳生検が必要となる。続発性の血管炎は膠原病関連疾患によって生じることが多く,原疾患の治療強化を必要とする。
Abstract
Autonomic central nervous system (CNS) angiitis was classified with primary angiitis of the CNS (PACNS) or CNS angiitis secondary to systemic vasculitis. Mean onset age of PACNS was about 50 years. Typical symptoms were a chronic progressive headache and encephalopathy. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was compatible with aseptic meningitis. Findings from imaging were varied and included arterial stenosis. Exclusion diagnosis of PACNS mimics and a brain biopsy were required for a definite diagnosis. Some collagen diseases could cause secondary CNS vasculitis. Patients with secondary CNS vasculitis were required more extensive immunosuppression therapy.
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