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Locomotor Control by the Brainstem and Spinal Cord Kaoru Takakusaki 1 , Kiyoji Matsuyama 2 1Research Center for Brain Function and Medical Engineering,Asahikawa Medical University,School of Medicine 2Department of Occupational Therapy,School of Health Sciences,Sapporo Medical University Keyword: postural muscle tone , locomotor region , central pattern generator , reticulospinal tract , flexion reflex afferent pp.1117-1128
Published Date 2010/11/1
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1416100776
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Abstract

 One of the fundamental characteristics of animal is locomotion. Although not visually apparent,goal-directed locomotor movements are always accompanied by automatic adjustment of muscle tone and postural reactions. Because the basic and essential mechanisms that control postural muscle tone and locomotion are located in the brainstem and spinal cord,a variety of locomotor behaviors are achieved by the projections from the forebrain structures (cerebral cortex,basal ganglia,and limbic-hypothalamic systems) and cerebellum to the brainstem-spinal cord. In this short review,we particularly focus on the role of the brainstem and spinal cord in the control of postural muscle tone and generation of locomotor rhythm. Abnormalities in the convergence inputs from the forebrain structures to the brainstem-spinal cord are further discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of disturbances in locomotor control.


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電子版ISSN 1344-8129 印刷版ISSN 1881-6096 医学書院

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