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Invention of an ophthalmoscope by Helmholtz Koichi Shimizu 1 1Dept of Ophthalmol, Teikyo Univ Sch of Med pp.1721-1726
Published Date 2001/10/15
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1410907530
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A direct ophthalmoscope was invented by Helmholtz in 1851. This instrument enabled observation of the fundus in the living eye and led to a series of new identification of various fundus disorders. This paper describes the construction and use of this ophthalmoscope with a discussion on its influence on ophthalmology during the ensuing period. The invention of ophthalmoscope also served as an initiative for ophthalmology to become independent from general surgery.


Copyright © 2001, Igaku-Shoin Ltd. All rights reserved.

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電子版ISSN 1882-1308 印刷版ISSN 0370-5579 医学書院

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