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要約 目的:単純ヘルペスウイルス(HSV)脳炎治療後に急性網膜壊死(ARN)を発症し,治療寛解の3年後に僚眼に重篤な閉塞性血管炎を伴うHSV-ARNを生じた1例を経験したので報告する。
症例:68歳,女性。2020年5月にHSV脳炎の治療歴があった。2020年10月に左視力低下を主訴に日本医科大学多摩永山病院(当院)を受診した。前房水ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)検査でHSVが検出され左眼HSV-ARNと診断した。アシクロビルとプレドニゾロンの全身投与および網膜剝離予防目的で硝子体茎離断術,強膜輪状締結術,シリコーンオイル留置を行い,その後は再燃なく経過していた。2023年4月に右眼の飛蚊症を主訴に当院を受診した。初診時視力は右(0.6),左(0.2)であった。右前房炎症と出血斑の散在,蛍光眼底造影検査でびまん性血管漏出と閉塞性血管炎を認めた。前房水PCR検査でHSVが検出され右眼HSV-ARNと診断した。左眼には再発は認めなかった。アシクロビル全身投与が反応不良であり,ホスカルネットとバラシクロビル投与に変更したが効果不十分であった。ビダラビンとバラシクロビル投与に切り替えたところ,速やかに滲出病変が消退した。第64病日に網膜分離の拡大を認め,水晶体再建術,硝子体茎離断術,強膜輪状締結術,シリコーンオイル留置を行った。右眼の最終視力は光覚弁となった。左眼には再発は認めず矯正視力0.2を維持している。
結論:HSV脳炎とHSV-ARNの寛解から3年後に,僚眼に重篤な閉塞性網膜血管炎を伴う急性網膜壊死を生じた。後発眼でより重篤に進行することがあるため,アシクロビル耐性を念頭に置いた薬剤選択が必要である。
Abstract Purpose:We report a case of acute retinal necrosis(ARN)after treatment of herpes simplex virus(HSV)encephalitis, followed by HSV-related ARN(HSV-ARN)with severe vasculitis obliterans in the contralateral eye three years after treatment and remission.
Case:A 68-year-old woman, previously treated for HSV encephalitis in May 2020, presented to our hospital in October 2020 with a chief complaint of visual loss in the left eye. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)testing of the aqueous humor detected HSV, and she was diagnosed with ARN of the left eye. The patient received systemic aciclovir and prednisolone, and underwent vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade and scleral encircling to prevent retinal detachment. She was subsequently in remission for a long period without recurrence. In April 2023, she visited our hospital with a complaint of eye floaters in the right eye. At the time of initial examination, visual acuity was 0.6 in the right eye and 0.2 in the left eye, with anterior chamber inflammation and scattered hemorrhagic spots in the right eye, diffuse vascular leakage and vasculitis obliterans were observed on fundus fluorescein angiography. HSV was detected by PCR testing of the anterior chamber aqueous humor, and she was diagnosed with HSV-ARN of the right eye. The patient did not respond well to systemic aciclovir, and the treatment was changed to foscarnet and valaciclovir, but the effect remained inadequate. The patient was then switched to vidarabine and valaciclovir, and the exudative lesions quickly disappeared. On the 64th day, the patient underwent phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation, vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade, and scleral encircling. The final visual acuity in the right eye was light perception. There was no recurrence in the left eye, and the patient maintained a corrected visual acuity of 0.2.
Conclusions:Three years after the remission of HSV encephalitis and HSV-ARN, acute retinal necrosis with severe retinal vasculitis obliterans occurred in the contralateral eye. Drug selection should be made with aciclovir resistance in mind, as the disease may progress more severely in the second eye.
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