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Herpes simplex virus(HSV)-related acute retinal necrosis(ARN)in the fellow eye three years after remission of ARN secondary to HSV encephalitis Sayaka Haku 1 , Yusuke Nishio 1 , Toshiki Kawahara 1 , Ryota Suga 1 , Mutsuhiro Tauchi 1 , Eri Suzuki 1 , Yuichiro Nakano 1 , Junko Hori 1 1Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School Tamanagayama Hospital pp.1273-1278
Published Date 2024/10/15
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1410215303
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Abstract Purpose:We report a case of acute retinal necrosis(ARN)after treatment of herpes simplex virus(HSV)encephalitis, followed by HSV-related ARN(HSV-ARN)with severe vasculitis obliterans in the contralateral eye three years after treatment and remission.

Case:A 68-year-old woman, previously treated for HSV encephalitis in May 2020, presented to our hospital in October 2020 with a chief complaint of visual loss in the left eye. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)testing of the aqueous humor detected HSV, and she was diagnosed with ARN of the left eye. The patient received systemic aciclovir and prednisolone, and underwent vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade and scleral encircling to prevent retinal detachment. She was subsequently in remission for a long period without recurrence. In April 2023, she visited our hospital with a complaint of eye floaters in the right eye. At the time of initial examination, visual acuity was 0.6 in the right eye and 0.2 in the left eye, with anterior chamber inflammation and scattered hemorrhagic spots in the right eye, diffuse vascular leakage and vasculitis obliterans were observed on fundus fluorescein angiography. HSV was detected by PCR testing of the anterior chamber aqueous humor, and she was diagnosed with HSV-ARN of the right eye. The patient did not respond well to systemic aciclovir, and the treatment was changed to foscarnet and valaciclovir, but the effect remained inadequate. The patient was then switched to vidarabine and valaciclovir, and the exudative lesions quickly disappeared. On the 64th day, the patient underwent phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation, vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade, and scleral encircling. The final visual acuity in the right eye was light perception. There was no recurrence in the left eye, and the patient maintained a corrected visual acuity of 0.2.

Conclusions:Three years after the remission of HSV encephalitis and HSV-ARN, acute retinal necrosis with severe retinal vasculitis obliterans occurred in the contralateral eye. Drug selection should be made with aciclovir resistance in mind, as the disease may progress more severely in the second eye.


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