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要約 目的:出生体重1,500g未満児における未熟児網膜症(ROP)の厚生省瘢痕期分類および3歳時における斜視の発症について検討する。
対象:2009年1月〜2014年12月に東京都立大塚病院新生児集中治療室へ入院した出生体重1,500g未満児478例のうち生存退院した445例中,3歳まで経過観察可能であった248例を対象とした。
方法:445例を瘢痕期分類に基づいて分類した。また,3歳時における斜視発症率および種類,発症時期を瘢痕期分類別(ROP未発症群,瘢痕期1度群,瘢痕期2度群)に検討した。
結果:生存退院した445例における瘢痕期分類は,ROP未発症192例(43.1%),瘢痕期1度233例(52.4%),瘢痕期2度19例(4.3%),瘢痕期5度1例(0.2%)であった。3歳時に受診した248例では,ROP未発症61例(25.0%),瘢痕期1度170例(68.0%),瘢痕期2度16例(6.5%),瘢痕期5度1例(0.4%)であった。瘢痕期5度は光覚(−)で視力・屈折・眼位いずれも測定不能であり,検討から除外した。斜視発症は52/247例(21.1%)であり,ROP未発症群5/61例(8.2%),瘢痕期1度群34/170例(20.0%),瘢痕期2度群13/16例(81.3%)であった。瘢痕期2度群が他の群よりも有意に斜視発症率が高く,内斜視が多かった。瘢痕期2度群では8/13例(61.5%)が1歳未満に斜視を発症しており,これら早期発症例は全例が内斜視であった。
結語:ROP瘢痕期2度群において斜視発症率は高く,フォローアップ中の眼位を含めた視機能管理が重要と考えられた。
Abstract Purpose:To report the incidence of strabismus at 3 years of age in premature babies as related to the severity of cicatricial stage of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).
Cases and Method:We reviewed 478 infants with birthweight of 1,500 g or less who were admitted in our neonatal intensive care unit during 6 years through 2014. We evaluated 445 infants who survived and 248 infants who were followed up until the age of 3 years.
Results:The 445 infants were classified as to the severity of cicatricial stage of retinopathy by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. There were 192 cases(43.1%)with no ROP, 233 cases(52.4%)with grade 1 ROP(minor peripheral changes), and 19 cases(4.3%)with grade 2 ROP(dragged disc), and one case(0.2%)with grade 5 ROP. Among 248 infants who were followed up at the age of 3 years, there were 61 cases(25.0%)with no ROP, 170 cases(68.0%)with grade 1 ROP, 16 cases(6.5%)with grade 2 ROP, and one case(0.4%)with grade 5 ROP. Strabismus was present in 52 cases(21.1%). It was present in 5 out of 61 cases(8.2%)with no ROP, 34 out of 170 cases(20.2%)with grade 1 ROP, and 13 out of 16 cases(81.3%)with grade 2 ROP. The infant with grade 5 ROP could not be evaluated because of bilateral blindness. In infants with grade 2 ROP, esotropia was more frequent than exotropia. Strabismus became manifest in 8 out of 13 cases before one year of age and all the 8 cases showed esotropia.
Conclusion:Strabismus is a major problems in infants with ROP. Its incidence was higher in grade 2 ROP than other grades.
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