未就学児における屈折値と視力の検討

Refraction and visual acuity in preschool children

要約　目的：未就学児の他覚的屈折値と遠方裸眼視力を後ろ向きに調査した。

対象と方法：3〜6歳の1,597人3,194眼を対象として，自然瞳孔下の他覚的屈折値と遠方裸眼視力について検討した。他覚的屈折値と遠方裸眼視力から屈折異常の矯正が必要な児の割合とその眼鏡未装用率を算出した。

結果：他覚的屈折値は非正規分布を示し，中央値は−1.06Dであった。両眼ともに視力1.0以上であった割合は84.5％，0.7未満の割合は1.3％，左右差を認めた割合は2.1％であった。屈折異常の矯正が必要な児は2.4％であり，うち54％が眼鏡未装用であった。

結論：未就学児の自然瞳孔下の他覚的屈折値は正視からやや近視側に収束した。屈折異常の矯正が必要であると判定した児の約半数が未矯正であった。

Abstract　Purpose: To report refraction and distant visual acuity in preschool children.

Cases and Method: This study was made on 3,194 eyes of 1,597 children. The series comprised 792 males and 805 females. The age ranged from 3 to 6 years. They were evaluated for objective refraction and uncorrected distant visual acuity without cycloplegics.

Results: Objective refraction showed no normal distribution, with median value of −1.06 diopter. Uncorrected distant visual acuity was 1.0 or over in 84.5％ cases, 0.7 or less in 1.3％ of cases, and was different between right and left eye in 2.1％ of cases. Wearing of spectacles was regarded as necessary in 2.4％ of cases, of whom 54％ were not actually wearing spectacles.

Conclusion: Objective refraction in preschool children tended to show a slight shift from emmetropia towards myopia. About one-half of cases were wearing no spectacles for refractive error even when regarded as necessary.