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3歳児健診において二段階に分けた方法,すなわち一次検診として保健所医師,保健婦がアンケート,問診,視診を行い,問題のある者に対して二次検診として眼科医,視能訓練士が眼位眼球運動検査,視力検査,屈折検査,眼底検査などを行う方法で眼科的異常のスクリーニングを行った.昭和56〜59年度の4年間で11,127人の受診者のうち一次検診で問題ありとされた者は618人(5.55%)で,そのうち管理中であった128人(1.15%)を除いた490人(4.40%)が二次検診対象者であった.二次検診では142人(1.28%)が要精検とされ,さらに精検はこのうち120人(1.08%)が異常ありとされた.このスクリーニングでの異常者は管理中も含め248人(2.23%)であった.斜視群は148人(1.33%)で,この頻度は眼位眼球運動検査で検出した頻度に近い.弱視群は29人(0.26%),屈折異常群は55人(0.49%),その他39人であった.以上の結果からこのスクリーニング法は斜視の検出に有効であること,視力異常者の見落としが予想されるが,これを減らすには家庭での視力検査と組み合わせて実施すると良いと結論した.
We performed a two-step screening for eyecare during regular health check of three-year-old child-ren. In the first step, parents are asked by que-stionnaires followed by interview and inspection of children by physicians and health nurses. Cases suspected of eye disorders are examined by oph-thalmologist and orthoptist in the second step.
During the one year ending March 1985, 11, 127 children were screened in the first step. (318 (5.55%) were referred to the second-step proced-ures. 128 children were already under care by oph-thalmologist, so that the remaining 490 children were actually examined. 120 children (1.08%) were finally diagnosed to be suffering from eye disorders including squint, amblyopia and refractive errors among others. The incidence of eye disorders thus amount to 248 cases (2.23%) in the total series.
The present data indicate the overall incidence of squint to be 1. 33%, that for amblyopia 0.26% and refractive anomalies 0.49%.
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