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Rinsho Ganka Volume 30, Issue 12 （December 1976）

臨床眼科 30巻12号（1976年12月発行）

Japanese English

臨床報告

学童期の裸眼視力および自覚的屈折度の変動 Natural Course of Uncorrected Visual Acuity and Refraction Among School Children 稲富誠 ¹ , 普天間稔 ¹ , 林正泰 ¹ , 下島よし子 ¹ , 川村緑 ¹ , 岡崎洋 ² , 木下京子 ² Makoto Inatomi ¹ , Minoru Futenma ¹ , Masayasu Hayashi ¹ , Yoshiko Shimojima ¹ , Midori Kawamura ¹ , Hiroshi Okazaki ² , Kyoko Kinoshita ² ¹順天堂大学医学部眼科学教室 ²紀南綜合病院眼科 ¹Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University School of Medicine ²Kinan General Hospital pp.1387-1397

発行日 1976年12月15日 Published Date 1976/12/15

DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1410205555

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Abstract 文献概要
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緒言

　学童期の屈折状態が年とともにどのようにかわるかは重要な題問であるが，これについての報告^1〜3）はあまり多くない。著者らはかねてから，軽い近視（自覚的屈折度−1.0D程度）を示した場合や，裸眼視力が0.9以下になつた学童がその後どのような経過をたどるのか，できればその変動パターンを知りたいと考えていた。

　著者らは1970年から6年間毎年，和歌山県田辺市近郊地区と周辺部農村地区で学童を対象に眼検診を行なつてきた。今回，このうち1972年在学中の小，中学生の検診データを分析し，さらに3年後の検診結果からこの間の変動がわかつた学童について，裸眼視力と自覚的屈折度の変動パターンを検討した。また少数ではあるが，この中の近視治療経験者についても，その変動を調べ，非治療者との比較検討を行なつた。これらについて前に発表された保谷市^4）での資料との比較検討を行なつた。

Ophthalmologic examinations were perform-ed on 3,288 elementary school children aged from 6 to 12 years old and 1,675 middle school children aged from 13 to 15 years old. The distribution of uncorrected visual acuity and prevalence of refractive errors, amblyopia, strabismus and other ocular abnormalities were analysed.

Among the refractive errors, myopia was 11.6%, hypermetropia was 19.6%, astigmati-sm was 2.4% among the elementary school children. Myopia was 15.8%, hypermetropia was 11.6%, astigmatism was 1.2% among the middle school children. Amblyopia with correc-ted visual acuity of 0.3 or less was 0.54%. Strabismus was 0.56%, ET 0.28%, and XT 0.28%.

The follow-up study was done 3 years later to see the natural course of the uncorrected visual acuity and refractive errors on 2,600 elementary school children aged from 6 to 12 years old at the beginning. The younger age group with uncorrected visual acuity of 0.9 or less showed a spontaneous improvement of vi-sual acuity more than the older age group. In the group in which the initial visual acuity was 0.4 to 0.9, 70% of younger age group and 40% of older age group improved visual acuity more than two lines. Even in the group in which the visual acuity was 0.2 to 0.3, 48% of younger age group showed improvement more than two lines, against 9% in older age group.

Most of the younger age group, whose re-fraction was between +1.0 to -1.0D at the first time, showed a spontaneous change to emmetropia. 90% of -1.25 to -2.0D group changed the refraction to the myomic side more than 2.25D 3 years later. The shift of the refraction to the hyperopic side in the myopic group was significant in the group in which refraction was less than -1.0D and more so in the younger age group (80%) than the older age group (30%).