鵞膚反射（II）—トリハダの生理並に病理

Pilomotor Reflex:Physiology and Pathology of Cutis anserina

　我々は前稿（本誌4卷5號259—268頁）に於て鵞膚の生理並に立毛筋の神經支配に就て詳述したのであるが，引續き茲に鵞膚の病理的方面に眼を轉じ，次いで鵞膚反射が臨床診斷學的に應用されるとすれば今後如何なる領域が期待できるであろうかという問題に觸れたいと思う。鵞膚の病理を理解する爲にその生理を把握することの重要性は今更言を俟たない。

In hairy animals piloerection plays, as it is well known, an important rôle in heat regula-tion against cold; this phenomenon is used to be observed also in man as cutis anserina, i. e. goose skin, which consists of contraction of the smooth muscles of hairy follicules. Although erection of hair in man is usually less conspici-ous and its thermoregulatory effect remains almost negligible, pilomotor activities are me-diated only through the purely neural mecha-nism, possessing all qualities of the "autonomic reflex" in the exact sense of word. But the neurologic significance of pilomotor reflex in clinical practise has been poorly evaluated be-cause of lack of adequate knowledge concerning pilomotor innervation.

The authors reviewed extensive literature on the pilomotor reflex, including recent advance in experimental studies as well as historical note on the subject. Discussions were made in following details :-

I Introduction

1) Historical note on cutis anserina

2) Nomenclature of cutis anserina

3) Definition of cutis anserina

II Anatomy, physiology and pharmacology of pilomotor muscles

III Physiology of Pilomotor reflex:- (1) Types of pilomotor reaction. (2) Provo- cation of pilmotor reflex (3) " Gänsehaut- welle" (goose flesh waves) (4) Interrupting lines of "Gänsehautwelle" (5) Pilomotoric sensation (6) Pilomotor reflex and related phenomena in distant viscera

IV Innervation of pilomotor nervous system

(A) Pilomotor centers

(1) in spinal level

(2) in diencephalic level

(3) in cortical level

(B) Pilomotor pathways

(1) in spinal reflex arc

(2) descending pathways from higher pilomotor centers

(3) discending pathways in spinal cord

(C) Inhibitory nerve of pilomotor acti- vity

V Pathology of pilomotor reflex

(1) in peripheral nerve lesion

(2) in cerebral lesion

(3) in spinal lesion

(4) in miscellaneous diseases

VI Clinical evaluation of pilomotor reflex