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65歳以上の高齢者心房細動例で,断層ドプラ心エコー図にて,最大流速が2.5m/sec以下の重症三尖弁閉鎖不全症(TR)を呈するが,有意の僧帽弁閉鎖不全症はなく左室の壁運動が良好な5例を検討した。同時に心放射図にて心拍出係数(CI)および循環血液量係数(BVI)を測定した。5例中4例にホルター心電図を施行した。BVIは3例が正常上限で2例が増大し,CIおよび血液循環効率の指標であるCI/BVIは全例に低下を認めた。心内シャントは全例認められなかった。ホルター心電図を施行した4例では,最大のR-R間隔は2.0秒から3.5秒で基本的には徐脈傾向であった。
運動耐容能が低下した高齢者の心房細動例で,断層ドプラ心エコー図にて,最高流速の速くない重症TRがみられる一群を考察した。これらの症例群はホルター心電図では徐脈のことが多く,循環血液量が比較的増大しているので少量の利尿剤で対処するのがよいと思われた。
We studied five cases of atrial fibrillation in the elderly showing severely decreased exercise toleran-ce (NYHA Ⅲ) and normal left ventricular function. There were no signs of classical tricuspid regurgita-tion. Both atria were enlarged and right ventri-cular sizes were showen by two-dimensional echo-cardiography to have mildly increased. Two-dimen-sional Doppler echocardiography revealed severe tricupid regurgitation but at a maximal velocity less than 2.3m/sec, meaning that right ventricular pressure was not increased.
Cardiac output (CO) and circulating blood volume (BV), measured by radiocardiography showed CO to have decreased and BV to have increased. No intra-cardiac shunt was detected.
The cause of this decreased exercise tolerance in the group in our study is thought to be right ventricular dysfunction due to the aging process. This also occurs in a similar pattern in younger people who have arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD), Uhl's disease, or right ventricular dilated cardiomyopathy.
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