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Ⅰ.はじめに
早期胃癌に関する研究は,わが国において,もっとも進んだものであって,1966年の国際内視鏡学会や,消化器病学会でも,欧米に比してすぐれていることが認められた.このすぐれた研究は,わが国の癌死亡の中でしめる胃癌の割合がきわめて高いことにもとつくと共に,X線及び内視鏡検査の進歩が大きく貢献している.早期胃癌の診断,治療に数多くのすぐれた研究がなされており,1968年には,前癌病変としての胃潰瘍と胃ポリープの意義が検討されている.
臨床面では,早期胃癌の中には,長期間にわたり癌が早期の状態であることが1963年に検討されて以来,最近では,数年にわたり,早期癌の状態である症例がまれでなくなっている.胃疾患の検査法の進歩は,漸次小さい早期癌の診断に向けられると共に,癌の胃壁深達度をX線,内視鏡検査でどの程度まで診断しうるかが検討されている.X線または内視鏡検査で進行癌と診断した症例が組織検査では,癌が粘膜下層に止まる早期癌であったり,また逆に,早期癌と診断した症例が切除胃の組織検査で深部浸潤を示した進行癌と判明する症例も少なからず認められている.早期胃癌の問題点は数多くあるが,今回は,1965年1月より,1968年6月までの過去3年半に経験した早期胃癌184例および進行癌571例について,早期胃癌を中心に,経過と深達度を2,3の点について検討を加えてみたい.
Macroscopic study of the natural course in respective types of early gastric cancer and the depth of its infiltration into deeper layers are studied in this paper, laying stress on 184 cases of early gastric cancer encountered in the authors' hospital for the past three years and ahalf. Of 18 such cases followed up for more than six months, four are of protruding type and they invariably exhibit enlargement of protrusion, whereas cases of the same type observed less than six months show slight, if any, changes in the aspect of protuberance. As for the depressed type of early gastric cancer,14 cases have been followed up for more than six months, and a few of them are seen to remain for two or three years in the initial state of early gastric cancer. Ulcer lesion associated with it, however, has usually been observed to occur within a short space of several months after the inception of follow-up.
As regards the relation between the size of early cancer and the depth of its invasion, smaller lesions less than 2cm in diameter belong mostly to intramucosal cancer with or without localized submucosal involvement, so that generally they can be placed in the category of intramucosal carcinoma. It is nevertheless noteworthy that depressed type early gastric cancer tends to develop submucosal penetration as compared with that of protruding type.
Pertaining to the depth of early cancer invasion, studies are further made of early gastric cancers mistaken prior to operation for advanced ones, as well as of veritable advanced cancers erroneously diagnosed preoperatively as early carcinomas.
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