学士課程の講義・演習における認知症看護の教育実践

Practices of Dementia Nursing Education in Lectures and Practical Training within a Baccalaureate Program

抄録

　本研究の目的は，学士課程の講義・演習における認知症看護の教育実践を明らかにすることである．認知症看護を教授する教員11人に半構造化面接を実施し，質的記述的に分析した．認知症看護の教育実践は【実感を伴った深い対象理解につながるよう当事者の体験を知る機会を設ける】【もてる力を引き出す支援の重要性が印象に残るよう具体例で説明する】【認知機能障害を理解し難いという学生の特徴を踏まえ教育方法をわかりやすく工夫する】【家族介護者を理解し支援につなげられるよう介護の実状と支援の実際を伝える】【言葉では表現しづらいニーズや苦痛に気づいて対象に応じたケアができるよう方法を具体的に説明する】【多職種連携が不可欠であることを理解できるよう現場での実際を知る機会を設ける】【倫理的感受性が高まるよう認知症高齢者の立場から倫理的な課題を考える機会を設ける】【認知症高齢者に対する自身のとらえ方に気づき看護の対象として関心がもてるよう働きかける】の8カテゴリーで構成された．学士課程の講義・演習における認知症看護の教育実践は，認知症高齢者と家族の実像を伝えることで深い対象理解につなげることや，認知症看護に特徴的な支援の基本的理解を促すこと，倫理的感受性を高め認知症観を育むことであり，地域貢献活動等の役割を有する大学の特性を活かした教授活動であることが示唆された．

　This study aimed to identify the practices of dementia nursing education in lectures and practical training within a baccalaureate program. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 faculty members teaching dementia nursing and analyzed qualitatively. Eight categories were identified about the practices of dementia nursing education. “Providing opportunities to learn the experiences of older people with dementia, leading to a deeper, more empathetic understanding,” “Emphasizing the importance of bringing out the strengths of older people with dementia using concrete examples for memorable learning,” “Adapting educational methods to suit students who struggle with understanding cognitive impairment,” “Explaining the realities of family care and support to family caregivers to enhance understanding and provide assistance,” “Explaining specific methods to recognize the needs and distress of individuals with dementia, which may be difficult to express verbally, and providing appropriate care,” “Providing opportunities to learn about the realities of the field to understand the necessity of multidisciplinary cooperation,” “Enhancing ethical sensitivity by providing opportunities to consider ethical issues from the perspective of older people with dementia,” and “Encouraging students to examine their perceptions of older people with dementia and foster interest in them as participants in nursing”. Overall, the teaching activities in dementia nursing education within a baccalaureate program, encompassing both lectures and practical training, aim to deepen the understanding of the subject by providing insights into the actual experience of older people with dementia and their family caregivers, promoting a basic understanding of the support features of dementia nursing, enhancing ethical sensitivity, cultivating a philosophy of dementia, and leveraging the characteristics of a university that is involved in community service.