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要約 目的:Exophiala phaeomuriformisによる黒色酵母型真菌性角膜炎の1例を報告する。
症例:81歳,女性。関節リウマチおよび薬剤性肝障害に対しメトトレキサート,プレドニゾロンを内服中であり,両眼ドライアイおよび緑内障点眼使用歴を有していた。右眼異物感を主訴に受診した。右角膜下方に茶褐色の色素沈着を伴う病変を認めた。前眼部光干渉断層計では上皮内高反射変化および後方信号減衰を伴う光透過性低下を認め,当初は腫瘍性病変を疑った。病理検査で真菌感染が示唆され,培養検査で真菌感染症と診断した。真菌性角膜炎に対する治療が遅れ,経過中に角膜穿孔をきたしたが,ピマリシン点眼およびイトラコナゾール内服により改善し上皮化を得た。ITS領域の遺伝子解析によりE. phaeomuriformisと同定された。
結論:免疫抑制および角膜上皮障害を背景に色素沈着を伴う角膜病変を呈する症例では,腫瘍性病変のみならず真菌感染を疑う必要があり,早期治療が重要である。
Abstract Purpose:We report a case of dematiaceous fungal keratitis caused by Exophiala phaeomuriformis.
Case:An 81-year-old woman receiving methotrexate and prednisolone for rheumatoid arthritis and drug-induced liver injury presented with a foreign-body sensation in her right eye. She had a history of bilateral dry eye and glaucoma, which were treated with topical medications. Slit-lamp examination revealed a brownish-pigmented lesion in the inferior cornea. Anterior-segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT) demonstrated intraepithelial hyperreflective changes with posterior signal attenuation and reduced optical transmission. A neoplastic lesion was initially considered.
Histopathological examination suggested a fungal infection, and culture findings indicated a black fungus belonging to the genus Exophiala. Although treatment for fungal keratitis was delayed and corneal perforation developed during the clinical course, the lesion improved, and epithelialization was achieved with topical pimaricin and oral itraconazole. Sequencing analysis of the ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer(ITS) region identified Exophiala phaeomuriformis.
Conclusion:In cases presenting with pigmented corneal lesions in the setting of immunosuppression and corneal epithelial impairment, fungal infection and neoplastic disease should be suspected, and prompt treatment is crucial.

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