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Strip PCR of anterior aqueous humor is useful for the treatment of acute retinal necrosis Tatsuya Fujii 1 , Meiko Kimura 1 , Asuka Nakamura 1 , Riyu Ikari 1 , Ishin Ninomiya 1 , Ayumi Ouchi 1 , Nobuyuki Ebihara 1 1Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital pp.1250-1258
Published Date 2025/10/15
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.037055790790101250
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Abstract Purpose:Acute retinal necrosis(ARN) is a rapidly progressive disease primarily caused by varicella-zoster virus(VZV), herpes simplex virus(HSV) type 1, and type 2, which can threaten visual function. Anterior chamber aqueous strip PCR demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity, enabling rapid identification of the causative virus. We report 3 cases(3 eyes) in which anterior chamber water Strip PCR was effective for the diagnosis and viral quantification of ARN, guiding treatment decisions.

Case 1:A 45-year-old woman presented with mutton fat precipitates on the corneal epithelial surface and yellowish-white lesions spanning three quadrants on fundus examination. HSV-1 was detected at 6.4×105 copies/mL in the anterior chamber water.

 Following twice-weekly intravitreal injections of foscarnet, viral load decreased by half to one-quarter every week, reaching 2.5×103 copies/mL after seven injections. No retinal detachment has occurred to date.

Case 2:A 76-year-old woman presented with mutton fat precipitates on the corneal epithelial surface and yellowish-white lesions spanning three quadrants on fundus examination.

 After two intravitreal injections of foscavir, 5.1×106 copies/mL of VZV were detected in the anterior chamber fluid. After 4 injections, the viral load decreased to 1.3×106. A total of 6 intravitreal injections of foscavir were administered, but the patient developed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Intraoperative anterior chamber fluid PCR was 1.5×102 copies/mL.

Case 3:A 63-year-old woman presented with mutton fat precipitates on the corneal epithelial surface and yellowish-white lesions on the nasal and nasal inferior peripheral retina on fundus examination. VZV was detected in the anterior chamber fluid at 1.3×106 copies/mL. After three intravitreal injections of acyclovir, the PCR result was 3.2×105 copies/mL, and after five injections, it was 1.0×104 copies/mL. A total of six intravitreal injections of acyclovir were administered, reducing the PCR result to 1.5×102 copies/mL. No retinal detachment has occurred to date.

 All three cases were treated with acyclovir intravenous infusion at 15 mg/kg per dose three times daily, prednisolone 40-60 mg orally per day, aspirin 100 mg orally per day, and betamethasone eye drops six times daily.

Conclusion:Anterior chamber fluid strip PCR is useful for diagnosing ARN and assessing disease severity.


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