トラウマにより生きにくさを抱えた人の体験と回復に影響を与える要因—幼少期から逆境体験があった人の語りに焦点をあてて

Experiences and Factors Influencing Recovery of People Facing Difficulties in Their Lives After Traumatic Events: Focusing on the Narratives of Those Who Have Experienced Adversities Since Childhood

要旨

　目的：トラウマにより生きにくさを抱えながら地域で生活している人の体験と回復に影響を与える要因について，トラウマ体験を語ることができる人の語りから明らかにし，支援ニーズを検討すること．

　方法：幼少期からの逆境体験により生きにくさを抱えた成人女性5名を対象にした質的帰納的研究である．対象者にはトラウマ体験とその体験にまつわる感情や思考や行動，回復のために助けになったことを中心に半構造化面接を行い，質的帰納的に分析した．

　結果：【不安定な養育環境での生活】【成育過程で育まれなかった自尊感情】【深刻化する生きにくさ】【援助希求の困難さ】【孤立した中で自分を守るための対処】【生活環境が整う】【人に受け入れられる体験】【自分の逆境体験を振り返ることによる視野の広がり】【自分の逆境体験に折り合いをつける】というカテゴリーが抽出された．

　結論：公衆衛生的な視点をもってトラウマの知識やケアについて普及していくこと，生活環境を整えること，感情表出を助け当事者が自身のニーズに気づくことができる働きかけが必要である．

　Objective: To clarify the experiences of people who are living in the community with difficulties in their lives after traumatic events and the factors that influence their recovery, and to examine their support needs, based on the narratives of those who are able to talk about their traumatic experiences.

　Methods: This was a qualitative inductive study of five adult women facing difficulties in their lives due to adversities since childhood. We conducted semi-structured interviews with them, focusing on their traumatic experiences and related emotions, thoughts, behaviors, and factors of recovery, and the interview data were qualitatively and inductively analyzed.

　Results: The analysis revealed the following: [living in an unstable nurturing environment], [self-esteem that was not nurtured during the growth process], [increasing difficulties], [difficulty in seeking help], [one's own coping behavior while being isolated], [improvement in living environment], [experience of being accepted by others], [broadening of perspective by reflecting on one's own adversities], and [coming to terms with adversities].

　Conclusions: The results indicate the necessity of disseminating knowledge and care of trauma from a public health perspective, improving the living environment of people facing difficulties after traumatic events, and helping them recognize their own needs by encouraging their emotional expression.